Based on the same methodology of history and logic, this paper investigates learning studies in the 20th century. The results indicate that in educational studies, to implement the methodology of psychology firmly promotes the scientific investigation of learning but puts pedagogy in a crisis of legitimacy. In the 20th century, ＂how animals learn＂, ＂how machines learn＂ and ＂how people learn＂ are studied. There are three major breakthroughs in learning sciences since 1980s： design-based research as the new methodological framework, conver...
