作者机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng; Yang, Dai-Qun; Wang, Jia-Lin; Qiao, Chuan; Su, Zhen-Lin] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zan; Li, Fei] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xu-Sheng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Helicoverpa armigera;Hormone;Immunity;Peptidoglycan recognition protein
摘要：
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) specifically bind to peptidoglycan and play an important role in the innate immune responses as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Here we identified and characterized two PGRPs (HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C) from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. The comparative analysis indicated that five amino acids which are required for T7 lysozyme Zn2+ binding and amidase activity are conserved in HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C, suggesting that the two PGRPs are members of the amidase-type PGRPs. HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C mRNA increased in both the fat bodies and the hemocytes after an injection of Gram-negative Escherichia coli or Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Recombinant HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C could agglutinate E. coli and S. aureus in a zinc-dependent manner. More importantly, both rHaPGRP-B and rHaPGRP strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus in the presence of Zn2+. Moreover, the HaPGRP-B mRNA showed up-regulation post hormones (20E and methoprene) injection. Our results indicate that the two PGRPs of H. armigera may play an important role in defending against bacteria as amidase-type PGRPs and the hormones can function in regulating the expressions of PGRPs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The fulvous fruit bat (Rousettus leschenaulti) and the greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) are two abundant and widely co-distributed Old World fruit bats in Southeast and East Asia. The former species forms large colonies in caves while the latter roots in small groups in trees. To test whether these differences in social organization and roosting ecology are associated with contrasting patterns of gene flow, we used mtDNA and nuclear loci to characterize population genetic subdivision and phylogeographic histories in both species sampled from China, Vietnam and India. Our analyses from R. leschenaulti using both types of marker revealed little evidence of genetic structure across the study region. On the other hand, C. sphinx showed significant genetic mtDNA differentiation between the samples from India compared with China and Vietnam, as well as greater structuring of microsatellite genotypes within China. Demographic analyses indicated signatures of past rapid population expansion in both taxa, with more recent demographic growth in C. sphinx. Therefore, the relative genetic homogeneity in R. leschenaulti is unlikely to reflect past events. Instead we suggest that the absence of substructure in R. leschenaulti is a consequence of higher levels of gene flow among colonies, and that greater vagility in this species is an adaptation associated with cave roosting.
摘要：
Little is known about the mechanism by which mermithid nematodes avoid encapsulation responses of insect hosts. In this study, we investigated the influence of the mermithid nematode Ovomermis sinensis on host Helicoverpa armigera hemocyte number, encapsulation activity, spreading behavior and cytoskeleton. Parasitism by O. sinensis caused a significant increase in the total hemocyte counts (THC) and plasmatocyte numbers of H. armigera. However, in vivo encapsulation assays revealed that hemocyte encapsulation abilities of H. armigera were suppressed by O. sinensis. Moreover, parasitism by O. sinensis changed the spreading behavior and cytoskeletons of the host hemocytes. The results suggested that O. sinensis could actively suppress the hemocyte immune response of its host, possibly by destroying the host hemocyte cytoskeleton. This is the first report of a possible mechanism by which mermithid nematodes suppress encapsulation responses of insect hosts. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
We used enriched genomic library method to isolate and characterize 11 di-nucleotide microsatellite loci in the Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat, Scotophilus kuhlii. The polymorphism of these loci was tested on a natural population of 36 individuals from Hainan Province, South China. All loci revealed the polymorphism ranging from 5 to 18 alleles. The observed heterozygosity values were from 0.694 to 1.000 and expected heterozygosity values were from 0.558 to 0.929. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between any pairs of loci. These polymorphic markers will be used to assess population structure in S. kuhlii.
作者机构：
[Bai, JZ] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.;China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.;Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.;Henan Normal Univ, Xinxiang 453002, Peoples R China.;Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Bai, JZ] I;Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Using a sample of 5.8×107J/ψ events, the Beijing Spectrometer experiment has searched for the decay J/ψ→eμ. Four candidates, consistent with the estimated background, are observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction of J/ψ→eμ of 1.1×10−6 at the 90% C.L. is obtained.
