关键词：
Bladder cancer;Comparative study;Disability-adjusted life years;East Asia;Smoking
摘要：
BACKGROUNDS: The study aimed to estimate bladder cancer burden and its attributable risk factors in China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Mongolia from 1990 to 2019, to discuss the potential causes of the disparities. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint analysis, and the independent age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age-period-cohort analysis. RESULTS: In 2019, the highest incidence (7.70 per 100,000) and prevalence (51.09 per 100,000) rates of bladder cancer were in Japan, while the highest mortality (2.31 per 100,000) and DALY rates (41.88 per 100,000) were in South Korea and China, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates increased in China, Japan and South Korea (AAPC > 0) and decreased in Mongolia (AAPC < 0), while mortality and DALY rates decreased in all five countries (AAPC < 0). Age effects showed increasing trends for incidence, mortality and DALY rates, while the prevalence rates increased first and then decreased in older groups. The cohort effects showed downward trends from 1914-1918 to 2004-2008. Smoking was the greatest contributor and males had the higher burden than females. CONCLUSION: Bladder cancer was still a major public health problem in East Asia. Male and older population suffered from higher risk, and smoking played an important role. It is recommended that more efficient preventions and interventions should be operated among high-risk populations, thereby reduce bladder cancer burden in East Asia.
期刊：
International Social Work,2024年 ISSN：0020-8728
通讯作者：
Ma, MZ
作者机构：
[Wang, Yean; Xie, Zixiang] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Govt, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Mingzi; Zheng, Guanghuai] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Guanghuai] Nankai Univ, Sch Sociol, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ma, MZ ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Community social work;professional efficacy;role ambiguity;role conflict;work alienation
摘要：
International Social Work, Ahead of Print. <br/>Chinese community-service social workers face work alienation due to role stress. This study highlights the impact of government resources on a role stress–professional efficacy–work alienation research model. Paradoxically, state support may escalate role stress, thus hindering professional development and causing work alienation in this state-dominated profession.
摘要：
Many studies in Western societies show a pattern of discriminative grandparental investment as follows: maternal grandmothers (MGMs) > maternal grandfathers (MGFs) > paternal grandmothers (PGMs) > paternal grandfathers (PGFs). This pattern is in line with the expectation from evolutionary reasoning. Yet whether or not this pattern applies in China is in question. The present study was based on a questionnaire survey at a university in Central China (N = 1,195). Results show that (1) when grandparent-grandchild residential distance during grandchildren's childhood is controlled, in the case of grandsons and granddaughters as a whole and granddaughters only, both grandparental caregiving and grandchildren's emotional closeness to grandparents display a rank order of MGM > MGF > PGM > PGF, but in the case of grandsons only, this order is not statistically significant. (2) There are stable relationships between grandparental caregiving/grandchildren's emotional closeness and residential distance/similarity in appearance. (3) The effects of residential distance on either PGFs' or PGMs' caregiving exceed those on either MGFs' or MGMs'. (4) The PGF and PGM prefer grandsons to granddaughters in their caregiving, whereas the MGF and MGM do not have a sex preference, and (5) the fact that the PGF and PGM invest more in grandsons than in granddaughters does not depend on grandsons' duration of living in a rural area. Our results suggest that (1) in general, the Chinese display a pattern of differential grandparental investment predicted by an evolutionary perspective, (2) the evolutionary perspective that combines the two factors of paternal uncertainty and sex-specific reproductive strategies is applicable to grandparental investment in China, and (3) the traditional son-preference culture also plays some role in affecting grandparental investment in China, though the roles of culture and urban-rural cultural difference should not be exaggerated.
作者机构：
[Jiang, Junfeng; Jiang, JF] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Lisha] Wuhan Univ, Zhongnan Hosp, Ctr Evidence Based & Translat Med, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, JF ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Chinese older adults;Digital divide;Internet use;Mental health;Self-rated physical health
摘要：
In the digital era, increasingly more Chinese older adults have become Internet users, but the digital divide deeply affects their health. Based on the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, the influence of Internet use on older adults' physical and mental health are examined. It is found that digital access, online socializing and information/knowledge acquisition improve older adults' physical and mental health, while Internet skills can hardly influence their health. Social connection and adaptation are two important channels through which Internet use improves older adults' health. Younger and better-educated older adults gain more health benefits from Internet access, but online socializing and economic activities show stronger positive health effects in less-educated older adults. Narrowing the digital divide and promoting digital cohesion are important for the health of older population, so the health and pensions sector and geriatric nursing providers should help this group integrate into digital life to improve their health. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
