期刊：
Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences,2007年30(3):347-374 ISSN：0170-4214
通讯作者：
Duan, Renjun
作者机构：
City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Math, Lab Nonlinear Anal, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Duan, Renjun] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Math, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Duan, Renjun] C;City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Math, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Navier–Stokes equations;vacuum;a priori estimates;global existence
作者机构：
[Jing, Zhujun] Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.;Hunan Normal Univ, Dept Math, Hunan Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Hubei Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jing, Zhujun] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
期刊：
RANDOM WALK, SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS AND RELATED TOPICS: A FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF YUAN-SHIH CHOW,2006年:311-+
通讯作者：
Qin, Hong
作者机构：
[Qin, Hong] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Stat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Stat, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhaohai] George Washington Univ, Dept Stat, Washington, DC USA.
通讯机构：
[Qin, Hong] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Stat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
association study;case control design;false positive rate
摘要：
Population-based association study using unrelated individuals is a powerful strategy (Risch and Merikangas, 1996; Risch, 2000) for detecting association between markers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). However, association test using unrelated individuals may suffer from confounding due to population structure. In this paper, we examine the impact of confounding due to population substructure on commonly used statistical procedures. Two study designs for genetic association study are considered: 1) retrospective sampling of cases and controls according to two cutoff points of the quantitative trait values (high or low) with allele frequency based test statistic; 2) random sample of individuals with regression analysis. For the first design, we consider the impact of confounder on association analysis between markers and QTLs. It is found that the false positive rate (or type I error) could be inflated substantially in the presence of both population stratification and trait heterogeneity; under other situations (e.g., in the presence of population stratification without trait heterogeneity), the inflated false positive rate is relatively minor. For the second design, we consider candidate marker association analysis. It is found that the inflated false positive rate could also be considerable in the presence of both population stratification and trait heterogeneity. Simulation studies confirm the theoretical results.
