作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079;[刘目兴; 易军; 杨燕; 李胜龙; 张君; 张海林] Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis ＆ Simulation, Hubei Province, China, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
通讯机构：
[Zhang, H.] K;Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis ＆ SimulationChina
关键词：
优先流;染色示踪;染色面积比;染色路径宽度;侧向流;稻田—田埂过渡区
摘要：
为揭示田埂对稻田—田埂过渡区土壤水分渗漏的影响,对比不同位点(田内、过渡带和田埂)优先流特征差异,采用室外亮蓝染色示踪方法,对江汉平原典型稻田—田埂过渡区进行研究.结果表明:过渡区土壤染色面积比(SAR)随深度的增加呈波动下降,其中0～20cm土层SAR较高,占剖面总SAR的53.85％～88.55％.不同位点土壤SAR差异明显,0～20 cm土层平均SAR由大到小依次为田内、过渡带、田埂,20 cm以下各位点SAR均较低,但田埂平均SAR高于田内.各位点水平剖面染色结果与垂直染色结果能较好对应,且随着深度增加,土壤染色区域急剧减少.各位点染色路径数(SPN)与SAR显著相关,田埂中、下层土壤SPN均高于田内.染色路径宽度(SPW)结果显示,0～20 cm田内以10～80 mm和大于80 mm SPW为主,过渡带和田埂大于80 mm SPW较少,均以小于10 mm和10～80 mm为主.各位点SPW的差异反映在水流类型上,田内为非均质指流—高相互作用大孔隙流,过渡区和田埂以混合作用大孔隙流—高相互作用大孔隙流为主.水分渗漏路径结果显示,田内水分由过渡带和田埂的垂直和侧向渗漏较强,且田沟田埂侧向流较田间田埂明显.田埂是稻田水分快速流失的主要区域,加剧了稻田水肥流失和水环境污染风险.本研究可为稻田水分保持和制定合理施肥、灌溉等措施提供依据.
期刊：
Nordic Journal of Botany,2018年36(1-2):Differential/1-Differential/7 ISSN：0107-055X
通讯作者：
Wang, Dong
作者机构：
[Zhang, Lingyu; Wang, Dong; Zhu, Yan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Muxing; Wang, Dong] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Dong] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Seed dispersal in myrmecochorous plants, in which a sequence of two or more steps is often involved, has profound effects on plant benefits. First, seeds mature or fall onto to the ground (primary dispersal), then ants transport them into nests (ant dispersal), and sometimes ants subsequently discard seeds out of nests (re-dispersal). By neglecting one or the other of these phases, we might misjudge the benefits of myrmecochory to plants. Here, we investigated the difference between two common Chinese myrmecochorous plants, Corydalis incisa and C. wilfordii, in the importance of each dispersal step by examining 1) primary dispersal distance, 2) seed removal rates and dispersal distance by ants, and 3) frequency of seeds discarded out of nests and the re-dispersal distance. We found that the mean primary dispersal distance of C. incisa was about eight times longer than that of C. wilfordii. The presence of an elaiosome increase the attractiveness of seeds to ants, and both the removal rate and dispersal distance were greater in C. wilfordii than in C. incisa. Two ant species, Pheidole noda and Pristomyrmex pungens are the major dispersers. Pheidole noda, the larger-bodied ant species, discarded most seeds of both species out of nests, whereas Pr. pungens discarded only C. wilfordii seeds. The mean re-dispersal distances of the two plant species were similar, but that of C. incisa and C. wilfordii were about threefold and fivefold shorter than the distances in the step of ant dispersal, respectively. In the field, no predators were found to interact with the discarded seeds in 72 h. Our results indicate that the importance of each dispersal phase differ between the two Corydalis species, and this difference is largely attributable to the differential role of ant identity and seed characteristics. It is concluded that re-dispersal also needs to be considered in studies of myrmecochory.
摘要：
为揭示土壤涵养水源的机制,并为山区生态治理提供依据,以三峡库首大老岭和夷陵山地为研究区,采集温性阔叶林棕壤、针阔混交林黄棕壤、茶园地和暖性针叶林黄壤的原状土样,通过离心法分析并拟合了山地土壤的水分特征曲线。结果表明,三峡山地土壤随吸力增大,土壤含水率呈先迅速降低后趋于平缓的变化规律。黄壤的持水性较差,黄棕壤相对于其他林地土壤有着更强的持水性。茶园持水能力比棕壤和黄棕壤差,与黄壤差异较小。孔隙分布随土壤剖面深度的增加而减少。大孔隙以黄壤体积比最大,其次是黄棕壤和棕壤,茶园最小。用 van Genuchten模型拟合山地土壤的水分特征曲线,决定系数R~2均大于0.95,模型可靠性高。van Genuchten模型参数n与有机质(P<0.05)和粉粒(P<0.05)的相关性较高,参数α与理化性质相关性较差。
通讯机构：
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
作者机构：
[刘目兴; 周勇; 朱亚星; 洪永胜; 夏天; 于雷] Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis &, Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China;[刘目兴; 周勇; 朱亚星; 洪永胜; 夏天; 于雷] College of Urban &, Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; Zhang, Hailin; Du, Wenzheng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Muxing] Hubei Prov Lab Geog Proc Anal & Modeling, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Muxing] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
analyse des images;dye tracer;image analysis;Macropores du sol;région du réservoir des Trois-Gorges;Soil macropores;stained area;surface colorée;Three Gorges Reservoir Area;traceur colorant
摘要：
Preferential flow in soil macropores plays an important role in runoff control and soil and water conservation. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of preferential flow paths in the soil profile of various altitudinal belts, analyze its variation among different soil horizons, and define the cause of soil macropores. A dye tracer method combined with photographic analysis was conducted for four hillslope sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China (TGRA). The results show that stained area proportion, as well as its vertical distribution in soil sections, presented varied patterns due to changes of forest vegetation and soil type with altitude. Stained area ratio of soil profiles increased, while stained depth decreased with increasing altitude. For soil sections in the subalpine belt, mid-mountain belt, and low-mountain belt of TGRA, stained area ratios were 62, 42, and 45%, and stained depths were 52.4, 56.4, and 69.5 cm, respectively. For brown earth covered with subalpine temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, stained area ratios were the largest, but dyed patches were concentrated in the humus horizon. For yellow earth covered with low-mountain warm coniferous forest, stained depth reached 69.5 cm, and stained patches existed in the total soil profile. Compared with forest soil, stained depth and stained area ratio of abandoned farmland in low-mountain belt were lower, and the depth of dye infiltration was even shallower.
