Evaluation of urban water ecological civilization: A case study of three urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
作者：
Tian, Pei* ;Wu, Huaqing;Yang, Tiantian;Jiang, Faliang;Zhang, Wenjie;...
期刊：
Ecological Indicators ,2021年123:107351 ISSN：1470-160X
通讯作者：
Tian, Pei
作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; Jiang, Faliang; Tian, Pei; Wu, Huaqing; Yue, Qimeng; Zhang, Wenjie] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Tiantian] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.;[Zhu, Zhanliang] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland.;[Xu, Xinyi] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Water Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Tian, Pei] Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tian, Pei] C;Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Urban water ecological civilization;Multicriteria analysis;Entropy method;Spatial difference;Urban agglomeration;The Yangtze River Economic Belt
摘要：
Urbanization and economic development pose a challenge to the water ecological environment of cities. “Ecological Civilization” is a term that demonstrates the strategy to achieve the win-win goal of economic development and eco-environment protection. “Water Ecological Civilization” is a vital part of “Ecological Civilization”. This paper introduced a composite index to characterize the Urban Water Ecological Civilization (UWEC) and established an evaluation index system for UWEC based on a multicriteria analytical framework. The evaluation system contains 20 indicators selected from six criterion layers: water resources utilization (A, evaluating the efficiency of industrial, agricultural, domestic and public water use), water security assurance (B, evaluating the flood control, drainage and drinking water safety), water environmental protection (C, evaluating the water environment quality and water pollution prevention), water ecological restoration (D, evaluating the health of regional water ecosystem), water culture system (E, evaluating the inheritance of water culture and the popularization of UWEC awareness) and water management institution (F, evaluating the implementation of management systems). In our research, three major urban agglomerations (UAs) in Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) were chosen to be the study area. The results presented that the UWEC level of UAs gradually increased along the Yangtze River from west to east, showing obvious spatial differences. The main criteria restricting the UWEC level of UAs in the Yangtze River Delta were D and E, while E and F were the main restricting criteria for the UWEC level of UAs in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Cheng-Yu District. The indicator of “drainage compliance rate” got the lowest score among all indicators for three UAs. In addition, targeted measures for improving the UWEC level of UAs in YREB were proposed. Our study is supposed to provide a scientific reference to the improvement of UWEC level for UAs in YREB and trigger further research in the field of water ecological civilization. © 2021 The Author(s)
语种：
英文
展开
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Soil Water from 1934 to 2019
作者：
Zhang, Hailin;Liu, Xiuyun;Yi, Jun* ;Yang, Xiufeng;Wu, Tieniu;...
期刊：
Water ,2020年12(6) ISSN：2073-4441
通讯作者：
Yi, Jun;Liu, Muxing
（ 作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; He, Yi; Yi, Jun; Liu, MX; Tian, Pei; Liu, Xiuyun; Wu, Tieniu; Zhang, Hailin; Duan, He; Yang, Xiufeng] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Prov Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yi, J; Liu, MX] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Prov Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Research progress;Social network analysis;Soil water;Visualization;Web of science
摘要：
As an essential factor of the earth's critical zone, soil water has a remarkable influence on nutrient cycle and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems and has attracted the attention of considerable scholars. Based on the online database of Web of Science, the bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the evolution feature of soil water research from 1934 to 2019. The results showed a rapid growth of scientific outputs with a gradually increasing proportion of internationally collaborative articles. Environmental Sciences, Water Resources, and Soil Science were the most frequently used subject categories, and the Journal of Hydrology had the highest number of publications in this field. The institutions from the USA and China were the most active, and the USA occupied a leading position in soil water research, producing the most articles and having the most considerable number of citations. Clusters of authors were mostly located in North America, Western Europe, West Asia, and East Asia. Keywords analysis demonstrated that climate change, drought, evapotranspiration, remote sensing, and irrigation were the current research hotspots. Scientific issues focusing on the interaction between soil water and environmental factors, drought forecast, relationships between soil structure and water/solute transport, improving the accuracy and depth of soil moisture monitoring with satellite, and spatio-temporal scaling transform require further research. © 2020 by the authors.
语种：
英文
展开
三峡山地沟谷不同坡位土壤水分特征及对降雨过程的响应
作者：
白雨诗;刘目兴
（ ;易军;张海林;娄淑兰;...
期刊：
长江流域资源与环境 ,2020年29(10):2261-2273 ISSN：1004-8227
作者机构：
华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室;[万金红] 中国水利水电科学研究院水利史研究所;[刘目兴; 张海林; 易军; 白雨诗; 黄建武; 娄淑兰] 地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室
关键词：
三峡山地;土壤水分;降雨响应;日尺度;小时尺度
摘要：
土壤水分是影响地表植被生长发育及分布格局的重要因子,也是岩石圈-水圈-生物圈-大气圈水分循环的重要环节,其动态变化能够反映土壤水文过程的信息。基于高分辨率时域反射水分探针和小型气象站连续定位监测,获取2018~ 2019年三峡大老岭地区典型沟谷内坡上、坡中、坡下部位0~ 80 cm范围内各土层含水量及大气降水数据,分析了不同坡位土壤水分在月尺度,日尺度和小时尺度的变化特征及其对降雨过程的响应。结果表明:(1)月尺度上,土壤水分含量季节性差异明显,春夏季节(5~ 7月)是土壤水分储蓄期,土壤平均含水率为38.40%,夏秋季节(8~ 10月)是水分消耗期,剖面土壤平均含水率仅为35.04%。(2)日尺度和小时尺度,不同层次土壤水分含量对降水响应存在差异。0~ 40 cm深度土壤对降雨响应较快(响应时间<0.5 h),土壤水分与降雨量变化趋势相似;60~ 80 cm深度土壤对降雨响应存在明显的滞后现象(响应时间滞后0.5~ 3.0 h),且随深度加深,滞后时间呈阶梯式延长。(3)不同降雨条件下,土壤水分对降水的响应差异明显。随降雨量级由中雨增至大暴雨,土壤水分对降雨的响应加快,含水量变化曲线与降雨过程同步性增强,响应深度也逐层增加,土壤水分增量变大。(4)不同坡位对土壤水分的影响存在差异,上坡位对中雨、大雨响应平稳,中、下坡位对降水响应强烈,土壤水分增加迅速。产生不同坡位间响应差异的原因是各点微地形差异导致集水面积不同。
语种：
中文
展开
水生态文明城市建设评价方法及其应用研究
作者：
张雯婕;岳启蒙;温河青;许新宜;田培;...
期刊：
北京师范大学学报(自然科学版) ,2020年56(2):315-323 ISSN：0476-0301
作者机构：
[刘目兴; 张雯婕; 田培; 温河青; 岳启蒙] 地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院;北京师范大学水科学研究院;[许新宜] 北京师范大学
关键词：
水生态文明;熵值法;长江经济带;城市群;评价
摘要：
党的十七大提出“建设生态文明”,在此背景下,水利部于2013年提出水生态文明建设,水生态文明城市建设逐渐成为国内水资源管理研究的热点,其评价方法及指标体系均在不断发展之中.在已有研究中,多运用层次分析法、Delphi法、主成分分析法等主观赋权法进行评价.熵值法因其客观、科学性近年来在生态评价中得到广泛应用.本文对比归纳主观赋权法与熵值法在水生态文明城市建设评价中的应用.论述了熵值法在水生态文明城市建设评价中的可行性,并以长江经济带城市群为例进行评价.结果表明:长三角城市群、成渝城市群和长江中游城市群水生态文明城市建设评分分别为0.584 6、0.485 2和0.556 6分,长三角城市群与长江中游城市群的水生态文明建设明显好于成渝城市群;评价结果与当前长江经济带城市群的水生态文明水平基本一致.熵值法能够满足水生态文明城市评价的数据和范围要求,且能有效避免主观影响,对于水生态文明城市建设评价是可行的.
语种：
中文
展开
Effects of Climatic Change on Soil Hydraulic Properties during the Last Interglacial Period: Two Case Studies of the Southern Chinese Loess Plateau
作者：
Wu, Tieniu;Lin, Henry;Zhang, Hailin* ;Ye, Fei;Wang, Yongwu;...
期刊：
Water ,2020年12(2) ISSN：2073-4441
通讯作者：
Zhang, Hailin
作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; Tian, Pei; Ye, Fei; Wu, Tieniu; Zhang, Hailin; Wang, Yongwu; Yi, Jun] Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Henry; Wu, Tieniu] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Hailin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
last interglacial;Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP);soil hydraulic properties;paleoclimate
摘要：
The hydraulic properties of paleosols on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are closely related to agricultural production and are indicative of the environmental evolution during geological and pedogenic periods. In this study, two typical intact sequences of the first paleosol layer (S1) on the southern CLP were selected, and soil hydraulic parameters together with basic physical and chemical properties were investigated to reveal the response of soil hydraulic properties to the warm and wet climate conditions. The results show that: (1) the paleoclimate in the southern CLP during the last interglacial period showed a pattern of three warm and wet sub-stages and two cool and dry sub-stages; (2) when the climate was warm and wet, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased and the content of macro-aggregates increased, and when the climate was cool and dry, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity increased and the content of macro-aggregates decreased, indicating that the paleoclimate affected both the grain size of wind-blown sediment and pedogenic process; and (3) in the soil water characteristic curves, the soil water content showed variation in peaks and valleys, indicating that the dust source and pedogenesis of the paleosol affected the water holding capacity. The findings confirmed that on the southern CLP, the warm and wet climate improved soil aggregate stability and water holding capacity, while reducing soil water conductivity. These results reveal the response of soil hydraulic properties to the climate evolution on the southern CLP, which indicate soil water retention and soil moisture supply capacities under an ongoing global warming scenario. © 2020 by the authors.
语种：
英文
展开
水耕年限对麦季土壤水-氮动态与小麦产量的影响
作者：
段赫;刘目兴
（ ;张海林;刘秀芸;张君;...
期刊：
水土保持学报 ,2020年34(6):259-264+274 ISSN：1009-2242
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430079;华中师范大学可持续研究中心,武汉 430079
关键词：
土壤含水量;硝态氮;铵态氮;小麦;江汉平原
摘要：
为揭示水耕年限对小麦生产的影响,在江汉平原选取了3种水耕年限(2年、18年、>100年)稻-麦轮作农田,采集了小麦各生育期的土壤样品与成熟期的小麦植株样品,测定了土壤水分、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量和小麦产量等指标,分析了土壤剖面水-氮动态分布与积累特征,及其对小麦产量的影响程度与机制。结果表明:(1)随水耕年限延长,土壤水分和氮素含量显著增加。水耕2年、18年和100年农田的0-100 cm深度剖面平均体积含水量分别为0.36,0.39,0.42 cm^3/cm^3。硝态氮和铵态氮在0-20 cm土层富集,水耕2年、18年和100年农田0-20 cm土层硝态氮含量分别为12.26,12.74,14.88 mg/kg,铵态氮含量分别为6.01,8.33,11.69 mg/kg。(2)小麦产量随着水耕年限的增加而降低,水耕2年、18年和100年农田小麦产量分别为4068,3080,2469 kg/hm 2,主要表现为降低小麦的有效穗数和单株穗粒数。(3)长年耕作稻田形成的犁底层造成耕作层土壤水分滞留,进而导致小麦产量降低,而氮素含量差异未显著影响小麦产量,需要通过改善农田排水状况以降低长水耕年限农田的小麦渍害风险。
语种：
中文
展开
三峡山地不同坡位土壤水分的时序变化研究
期刊：
华中师范大学学报(自然科学版) ,2020年54(04):690-699,720 ISSN：1000-1190
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079;华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,武汉430079;[刘目兴; 易军; 白雨诗; 万金红] 地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室
关键词：
降水;土壤含水量;时序分析;不同坡位;三峡山地
摘要：
土壤水分是维持森林生态系统可持续的重要因子,降水作为土壤水分最主要的补给来源,定量认识两者的关系对深入了解土壤水分入渗及产流汇流等生态水文效应和区域水平衡至关重要.该文采用时间序列法分析了2018年—2019年三峡山地大老岭林区典型小流域土壤含水量和降水之间的相关关系,结果表明:1)研究区降水过程无显著自相关性,而土壤含水量呈现高度自相关性,且随时间尺度缩小不断增强;2)降水量与土壤水分含量同消同涨,两者之间存在协相关关系,月尺度上土壤含水量与降水相关性较弱,日尺度上二者相关性呈明显的"单锋型",小时尺度上降水序列和土壤水分序列相关性在降雨事件发生后2～4 h最显著;降雨72 h后,各深度土层相关系数差异明显减小.3)在不同时间尺度下,不同深度土层土壤含水量与降水的协相关性变化趋势表现出较强的一致性,随土壤深度增加,土壤含水量与降水的相关性降低,且水分变化对降雨滞后性增加.4)不同坡位土壤水分与降水的协相关性差异显著.坡下土壤含水量对降水的响应强烈,而坡上两者相关系数偏低.5)土壤水分序列与降水序列协相关性在不同时间尺度有所差异,小时尺度和天尺度两者协相关性较为显著且均随着时间推移呈先增大后减小的特征,而月尺度两者相关性则表现为随滞后时间距增加而单调递减趋势.
语种：
中文
展开
Influence of canopy and topographic position on soil moisture response to rainfall in a hilly catchment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
作者：
Liu, Muxing
（ ;Wang, Qiuyue;Guo, Li
* ;Yi, Jun;Lin, Henry;...
期刊：
地理学报：英文版 ,2020年30(6):949-968 ISSN：1009-637X
通讯作者：
Guo, Li
作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; Wang, Qiuyue; Zhang, Hailin; Yi, Jun] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Muxing; Guo, Li; Lin, Henry; Fan, Bihang] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;[Zhu, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guo, Li] P;Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
关键词：
interception;infiltration;lateral flow;soil water storage;forest;pasture
摘要：
Rainfall provides essential water resource for vegetation growth and acts as driving force for hydrologic process, bedrock weathering and nutrient cycle in the steep hilly catchment. But the effects of rainfall features, vegetation types, topography, and also their interactions on soil water movement and soil moisture dynamics are inadequately quantified. During the coupled wet and dry periods of the year 2018 to 2019, time-series soil moisture was monitored with 5-min interval resolution in a hilly catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China. Three hillslopes covered with evergreen forest (EG), secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs (SDFS) and deforested pasture (DP) were selected, and two monitoring sites with five detected depths were established at upslope and downslope position, respectively. Several parameters expressing soil moisture response to rainfall event were evaluated, including wetting depth, cumulative rainfall amount and lag time before initial response, maximum increase of soil water storage, and transform ratio of rainwater to soil water. The results indicated that rainfall amount is the dominant rainfall variable controlling soil moisture response to rainfall event. No soil moisture response occurred when rainfall amounts was <8 mm, and all the deepest monitoring sensors detected soil moisture increase when total rainfall amounts was >30 mm. In the wet period, the cumulative rainfall amount to trigger surface soil moisture response in EG-up site was significantly higher than in other five sites. However, no significant difference in cumulative rainfall amount to trigger soil moisture response was observed among all study sites in dry period. Vegetation canopy interception reduced the transform ratio of rainwater to soil water, with a higher reduction in vegetation growth period than in other period. Also, interception of vegetation canopy resulted in a larger accumulated rainfall amount and a longer lag time for initiating soil moisture response to rainfall. Generally, average cumulative rainfall amount for initiating soil moisture response during dry period of all sites (3.5-5.6 mm) were less than during wet period (5.7-19.7 mm). Forests captured more infiltration water compared with deforested pasture, showing the larger increments of both soil water storage for the whole soil profile and volumetric soil water content at 10 cm depth on two forest slopes. Topography dominated soil subsurface flow, proven by the evidences that less rainfall amount and less time was needed to trigger soil moisture response and also larger accumulated soil water storage increment in downslope site than in corresponding upslope site during heavy rainfall events.
语种：
英文
展开
三峡水库坝区生态屏障区近25年土地利用变化评价
作者：
田培;龚雨薇;朱占亮;刘目兴
（ ;吴宜进;...
期刊：
水土保持学报 ,2020年34(02):78-85 ISSN：1009-2242
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430079;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉 430079;长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉 430010;水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,长江科学院,武汉 430010
关键词：
三峡坝区;生态屏障区;土地利用变化;遥感影像;驱动因素
摘要：
通过研究三峡水库坝区生态屏障区近25年来的土地利用变化,揭示其时空变化规律及驱动机制,为坝区生态屏障区土地资源的合理开发利用及生态系统管理提供科学依据。运用RS和GIS技术对1993年、2006年和2018年3期Landsat遥感影像进行处理,得到土地利用类型分布图;综合运用土地利用变化量、变化幅度和转移矩阵等定量指标,对三峡水库坝区生态屏障区1993—2018年间的土地利用变化进行分析。结果表明:1993年以来,三峡水库坝区生态屏障区土地利用结构变化明显,表现为林地、园地和水域的增加,耕地的大幅减少,其中水域面积增加幅度高达183.0%,而耕地面积减少幅度达68.9%;土地利用转移特征结果显示,水域、园地的增加都主要由耕地、林地转化而来,林地、建筑用地的增加主要由耕地转化而来,而未利用地向各方面用地类型转化;三峡水库坝区生态屏障区1993—2006年水域变化程度远大于2006—2018年,其他类型变化幅度相近。总体而言,三峡工程的建设、城镇化发展、农林产业结构调整和生态保护是三峡水库坝区生态屏障区土地利用变化的主要原因。
语种：
中文
展开
干湿交替条件下稻田土壤裂隙开闭规律
作者：
段赫;刘目兴
（ ;易军;朱钊岑;朱强;...
期刊：
水土保持研究 ,2020年27(02):370-376 ISSN：1005-3409
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079;华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,武汉430079
关键词：
土壤裂隙;干湿交替;土壤水分;稻田;江汉平原
摘要：
为研究江汉平原稻田土壤在干湿交替过程下的裂隙发育规律,利用室内试验和数字图像处理方法对典型稻田耕作层和犁底层土壤裂隙特征进行了定量研究。结果表明:在干燥过程中,土壤裂隙形成初期裂隙长而窄,随着土壤含水量的降低,裂隙面积率和当量宽度逐渐增大;在增湿过程中,随着土壤含水量的增加,裂隙面积率和当量宽度逐渐减小,但裂隙长度密度降幅较小。干湿交替条件下的裂隙形成和闭合过程不可逆,且干燥形成的土壤裂隙并不能通过增湿完全闭合。土壤有机质含量和容重差异影响了耕作层和犁底层裂隙开闭特征。在干燥过程中,耕作层土壤裂隙面积率、长度密度和当量宽度分别为16.1%,0.076 mm/mm^2,2.13 mm,约为犁底层的1.63倍、1.09倍和1.54倍。而增湿结束后,犁底层裂隙闭合程度高于耕作层。耕作层和犁底层的裂隙面积闭合率为39.8%,61.6%,裂隙长度密度降幅为7.9%,20.0%,当量宽度降幅为35.7%,53.6%。为减少裂隙发育造成的稻田水肥渗漏,需合理控制土壤水分含量,特别应避免冬春季节长期干旱造成犁底层裂隙无法闭合的现象。
语种：
中文
展开
土壤理化性质空间分布及其相关关系分析—以张家口地区为例
期刊：
地理科学 ,2020年40(7):1191-1201 ISSN：1000-0690
作者机构：
重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆401331;中国科学院水利部/成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041;云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650091;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079;西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715
关键词：
土壤理化性质;空间分异;地理加权相关
摘要：
使用地理加权相关(GW correlation)与多因素方差分析对张家口地区土壤理化参数空间分异及其相关关系进行分析。结果显示:土壤理化参数具有不同的空间自相关性,各参数之间地理加权相关系数存在正负或大小差异。林地土壤养分含量与饱和导水率显著大于其他土地利用类型(P<0.05);土壤理化参数之间相关性主要表现为坝上高原>坝下区域、栗钙土>其他土壤类型(P<0.05)。这表明,土地利用是影响张家口地区土壤理化参数空间分异的主要因素,地貌和土壤类型是影响土壤理化参数相关关系空间分异的主要因素,结果可以为认识区域土壤地域分异规律及制定生态脆弱区水土涵养措施提供数据参考。
语种：
中文
展开
Effects of cultivation history in paddy rice on vertical water flows and related soil properties
作者：
Yi, Jun;Qiu, Weiwen;Hu, Wei;Zhang, Hailin
* ;Liu, Muxing
* （ ;...
期刊：
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH ,2020年200:104613 ISSN：0167-1987
通讯作者：
Zhang, Hailin;Liu, Muxing
（ 作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; Tian, Pei; Wu, Tieniu; Zhang, HL; Liu, MX; Zhang, Hailin; Yi, Jun; Jiang, Yan] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Prov Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, Weiwen; Hu, Wei] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.;[Zhang, Dongyou] Wuhan First Hosp, Dept Imaging, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, HL; Liu, MX] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Prov Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Puddling;Plow pan;Soil physical properties;Computed tomography;Infiltration rate;Dye tracer experiment;Paddy field
摘要：
Soil properties, especially physical properties and macropore characteristics, are controlling factors for vertical water flow in paddy fields. However, the effects of paddy rice cultivation history on vertical water flows and related soil properties have been rarely studied. The objectives were to identify the differences in soil physical properties and macropore parameters and to reveal the effects of these soil properties on vertical water flow patterns in paddy fields under different cultivation times. In this study, soil physical properties in a very young paddy field (2 y, VYPF), a young paddy field (18 y, YPF), and an old paddy field (> 100 y, OPF) were analyzed. Meanwhile, macropore parameters (resolution of 0.6 mm) and vertical water flow patterns in these fields were identified by computed tomography and dye tracing experiment, respectively. As cultivation history lengthened in paddy rice, the average content of soil clay and organic carbon in the 80 cm depth soil profile increased, as did the thickness and bulk density of the plow pan. Also, macroporosity, macropore area density, macropore number density, node density, macropore angle, and hydraulic radius significantly decreased as length of cultivation age increased. As a result, differences in these soil propeties affected vertical water flow in three studied paddy fields. Steady-state infiltration rates decreased significantly in accordance with the reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil cores from the plow pan; median values were 9.76 cm d(-1), 2.93 cm d(-1), and 0.13 cm d(-1) for VYPF, YPF, and OPF, respectively. A greater abundance and distribution of a dye tracer and a higher stained area ratio under the plow pan in younger paddy fields indicated that more obvious preferential water flows occurred in VYPF and YPF than in OPF. This implied that the conversion of farmland from upland field to paddy field resulted in greater use of irrigation water and also posed a risk of groundwater pollution through increased percolation. Therefore, a longer puddling time before planting paddy rice should be conducted in paddy fields (i.e. YPF and VYPF) with a short cultivation history, which can reduce water percolation by enhancing bulk density, reducing macropores, and lowering the saturated water conductivity of the plow pan.
语种：
英文
展开
雨强和坡度对红壤坡面产流产沙及侵蚀动力过程影响
作者：
田培;仇浩然;冯宇;吴浩研;伍铁牛;...
期刊：
水土保持研究 ,2020年27(6):1-8 ISSN：1005-3409
作者机构：
[刘目兴; 田培; 仇浩然; 冯宇; 伍铁牛; 吴浩研] 地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院
关键词：
红壤;雨强;坡度;产流产沙;水动力参数;时空变化
摘要：
采用人工模拟降雨试验,研究不同雨强(40,66,80 mm/h)和坡度(5°,10°,15°)条件下,湖北省武汉市蔡甸区红壤坡面流速、产流产沙时空变化及水动力学过程。使用长2.5 m,宽0.5 m,高0.3 m的可调坡度径流土槽,每场降雨试验在槽子底端出口开始产流后持续60 min,每3 min收集一次径流泥沙样品。结果表明:相同坡度下,坡面平均产流率和产沙率均随雨强增加而增大;产流率在降雨初期波动增长,随降雨时间延长而逐渐稳定;产沙率在降雨初期急剧上升,随后稍有下降并逐渐趋于平稳。坡度从5°增加到15°,雨强为40,66,80 mm/h下的平均产流率依次增加24%,22%和15%,平均产沙率依次增加89%,60%和84%。随雨强或坡度增加,流速均增大,且雨强对流速的影响较坡度更大;流速沿坡长方向呈增大趋势,且细沟流速是细沟间的1.33~2.10倍。66 mm/h,10°条件下,坡面形成细沟并发生明显下切和溯源侵蚀。相同雨强下,径流剪切力随坡度增加而增大、达西—韦斯巴赫阻力系数随坡度增加而减小。坡面径流属于层流且为急流,水动力学参数和侵蚀产沙率的拟合方程表明,弗劳德数和流速可以较好地模拟坡面产沙率。研究结果可为南方红壤区水土流失治理提供参考。
语种：
中文
展开
Characterising macropores and preferential flow of mountainous forest soils with contrasting human disturbances
作者：
Yi, Jun;Yang, Ye;Liu, Muxing
* （ ;Hu, Wei
* ;Lou, Shulan;...
期刊：
Soil Research ,2019年57(6):601-614 ISSN：1838-675X
通讯作者：
Liu, Muxing
（ ;Hu, Wei
作者机构：
[Liu, Muxing; Yang, Ye; Zhang, Hailin; Yi, Jun; Lou, Shulan] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Prov Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Wei] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.;[Zhang, Dongyou] Wuhan First Hosp, Dept Imaging, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Muxing] C;[Hu, Wei] N;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Prov Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
关键词：
breakthrough curve;CDE equation;computed tomography;MIM model;root distribution;soil physical properties
摘要：
Preferential flow can develop in soil macropores, and macropores are sensitive to human disturbances. This study investigated soil macropore features and the main factors controlling preferential flow at four sites with different levels of human disturbance in a mountainous area in Central China. The level of human disturbance decreased with increasing elevation, with the lowest elevation areas covered with coniferous trees (LF) > middle mountain areas covered with tea gardens (TG) > middle mountain areas covered with deciduous trees and mixed shrubs (MF) > subalpine areas covered with evergreen coniferous trees (HF). At each site, the soil macropore structure at 0-20 cm soil depth was analysed using computed tomography scans (0.6 mm resolution) and Image J software. Preferential flow was determined by analysing the breakthrough curve (BTC) of nitrate. The macroporosity, surface area density, mean macropore size, macropore number density, length density and node density were all ranked in the order of HF ≥ MF ≥ TG = LF. Less disturbed sites had stronger evidence of preferential flow as shown by faster breakthrough, longer tails and greater asymmetry of the BTCs. There were significant (P < 0.05) positive influences of soil macropore properties on pore water velocity and the solute dispersion coefficient. The dispersivity parameter was mainly affected by the macropore equivalent hydraulic radius. This study showed that human disturbance in the mountain forest areas significantly decreased soil macropores by changing soil physical properties (e.g. bulk density, texture and soil organic matter content) and root distribution, thus increasing the risk of surface runoff and nutrient losses. © 2019 CSIRO.
语种：
英文
展开
亚热带红壤区不同土地利用方式下的土壤剖面水流特征
作者：
张海林;杨秀锋;易军;刘晓利;刘秀芸;...
期刊：
水土保持学报 ,2019年33(6):233-241 ISSN：1009-2242
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430079;华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,武汉 430079;地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉,430079;中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京,210008
关键词：
染色示踪;染色面积比;染色路径数;水流类型;土壤理化性质
摘要：
以江西省鹰潭市的典型旱地、稻田和林地为研究对象,采用野外亮蓝染色示踪试验结合室内图像处理的方法,量化了各样地土壤剖面染色特征参数,明确了水流类型的剖面分布规律,并揭示了土壤理化性质对水流特征的影响机制。结果表明:染色面积比（SAR）随着土层深度的增加急剧降低,0—60 cm土层的平均SAR表现为稻田（28.16%）高于旱地（21.95%）和林地（18.64%）,SAR差异主要体现在5—25 cm土层;染色路径数（SPN）随着土层深度的增加先增加后减小,整个剖面的平均SPN为稻田最多（20条）,旱地其次（12条）,林地最少（9条）。各样地0—20 cm土层染色路径宽度（SPW）均以1—10 cm为主,水流类型从上至下依次为均质流、非均质指流和高相互作用大孔隙流;对于20 cm以下土层,旱地和稻田的SPW以<1 cm为主,水流类型分别以低相互作用大孔隙流和混合作用大孔隙流为主,林地以1—10 cm的SPW为主,主要水流类型为高相互作用大孔隙流。有机质含量、根系密度和土壤机械组成等性质影响了土壤的孔隙特征,进而影响了土壤的饱和导水率和水流特征。为提高红壤区的水分利用效率、减少水土流失,可以通过破除旱地犁底层、减少稻田干湿交替下的裂隙发育,以及增加林地植被多样性等多种方式实现。
语种：
中文
展开
基于变权TOPSIS模型的长江经济带水资源承载力综合评价
作者：
田培;张志好;许新宜;闫峰;吴宜进;...
期刊：
华中师范大学学报(自然科学版) ,2019年53(5):755-764 ISSN：1000-1190
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079;北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875;北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京,100875;南昌大学建筑工程学院,南昌,330031;[刘目兴; 张志好; 张海林; 田培; 吴宜进] 华中师范大学
关键词：
水资源承载力;变权法;TOPSIS法;长江经济带;时空变化
摘要：
从水资源-经济社会-生态环境耦合系统的角度,构建了长江经济带水资源承载力评价指标体系,应用变权TOPSIS模型确定各指标的权重及水资源承载力表征值,综合评价了长江经济带9省2市2015年、2016年和2017年的水资源承载力.结果表明,长江经济带水资源承载力在时间上呈波动上升趋势,但从整体区域来看,水资源承载力还有待提高.水资源承载力在空间上具有明显差异性,东部地区（上海、浙江、江苏）水资源承载力差异较大,西部地区（重庆、四川、贵州、云南）则较为均衡,中部地区除了安徽省水资源承载力明显偏低以外,其他三省（江西、湖北、湖南）表现较为均衡;水资源承载力整体表现出西部高于东部、东部高于中部的现象.长江经济带水资源承载力表征值在0.24～0.50之间,其中浙江省相对较高,最大表征值为0.49,而安徽省最低,最小表征值为0.25.影响长江经济带水资源承载力的5个最重要指标依次为地表水资源占比、生态环境用水量、水资源开发利用率、城市人口密度、生活用水总量的对水资源承载力.总体而言,长江经济带的水资源承载力受地区水资源禀赋状况和生态环境状况的影响较大.
语种：
中文
展开
不同植稻年限土壤剖面基本性质与水-氮分布的关系
作者：
张君;刘目兴
（ ;易军;张海林;李胜龙;...
期刊：
土壤 ,2019年51(6):1188-1195 ISSN：0253-9829
作者机构：
地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430079;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉 430079
关键词：
水稻种植年限;土壤基本性质;饱和导水率;水–氮分布;江汉平原
摘要：
在江汉平原典型农业区选定不同水稻种植年限(2、18、>100 a)的稻田,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,量化不同稻田土壤剖面基本性质和水-氮分布特征,以揭示内在原因,探讨适宜不同水稻种植年限稻田的水-氮管理方式,为提高稻田水-氮利用率和减少稻田面源污染提供科学依据。结果表明:对于不同水稻种植年限农田,土壤剖面基本性质差异明显。耕作层和犁底层厚度随水稻种植年限的延长而增加;土壤有机质在耕作层富集,且随水稻种植年限的延长含量增加;耕作层土壤容重随水稻种植年限的延长而减小,犁底层土壤容重则增大;受耕作和淋溶条件的影响,犁底层和心土层的黏粒含量随水稻种植年限的延长而增加;饱和导水率(K_s)随水稻种植年限的延长而降低,犁底层K_s差异较大,2、18、>100 a稻田犁底层K_s分别为37.02、8.45、3.11 cm/d。土壤剖面基本性质的差异影响水-氮的剖面分布特征。土壤水分和硝态氮含量随水稻种植年限的延长而增加,2、18、>100 a稻田土壤剖面(0~ 100 cm)平均含水量分别为0.39、0.46、0.54 cm~3/cm~3,硝态氮含量分别为3.75、6.27、9.85 mg/kg。铵态氮储量远低于硝态氮储量,且受水稻种植年限影响较小;2、18、>100 a稻田土壤剖面铵态氮与硝态氮储量比值分别为0.61、0.39和0.30。在灌溉和施肥方式上,水稻种植年限短的稻田适合少量多次的管理方式以减少渗漏损失;而年限长的稻田可适当提高单次灌溉量以减少灌溉次数,进而减少劳力消耗。
语种：
中文
展开
三峡山地不同类型植被和坡位对土壤水文功能的影响
作者：
娄淑兰;刘目兴
（ ;易军;张海林;李向富;...
期刊：
生态学报 ,2019年39(13):4844-4854 ISSN：1000-0933
通讯作者：
Liu, M.
作者机构：
[刘目兴; 杨叶; 李向富; 张海林; 易军; 黄建武; 娄淑兰; 王秋月] 地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室;华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院;华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心
通讯机构：
Hubei Province Laboratory for Geographical Process Analyzing and Modeling, Wuhan, China
关键词：
山地土壤;饱和导水率;土壤持水性能;坡位;三峡库区
摘要：
土壤层下渗和贮蓄水分的水文功能是森林保持水土、涵养水源的基础.以三峡山地大老岭林区为研究区,采集常绿林、落叶林和草地覆盖下不同坡位的原状土样,测定其饱和导水率和水分特征曲线,分析植被类型和坡位对土壤水分参数和库容的影响.结果 表明:常绿林地的入渗性能最好,饱和导水率为7.80-322.81 cm/d,大于落叶林地(0.33-137.03 cm/d)和草地(0.84-115.80 cm/d);坡位间差异表现为上坡高于下坡.不同样地的饱和含水量差异较小,但毛管持水量和田间持水量差异明显,草地最大,为20.77％-50.39％;不同坡位比较表现为下坡高于上坡.不同样地土壤水库容量差异较大,由田间持水量得到的库容量占总库容量的百分比以草地最大(63.25％),其次是落叶林地,常绿林地最小;坡位上表现为下坡的田间持水库容大于上坡.饱和导水率与土壤总孔隙度、有机质含量呈显著正相关,与容重呈显著负相关;饱和含水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量均与土壤总孔隙度、有机质含量和粉粒含量呈显著正相关,与容重、砂粒含量呈显著负相关.综合以上,草地持水性能最强,利于保蓄水分,常绿林地最弱,更利于水分入渗,补给地下水,下坡位的持水性能强于上坡位.
语种：
中文
展开
武汉市典型绿地植被类型对表层土壤入渗和持水性能的影响
作者：
杨倩;刘目兴
（ ;王苗苗;张海林;朱强;...
期刊：
长江流域资源与环境 ,2019年28(6):1324-1333 ISSN：1004-8227
作者机构：
[刘目兴; 杨倩; 王苗苗; 张海林; 朱强; 易军] 华中师范大学.地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室
关键词：
土壤理化性质;饱和导水率;土壤水分特征曲线;城市绿地
摘要：
合理的绿地植被建设和管理是提高城市蓄水能力和减少城市内涝的重要途径。该文以武汉市城区8种代表性绿地植被的表层土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤理化性质和水力学特征参数,量化了不同类型绿地植被对表层土壤水分入渗和保持性能的影响,并揭示了土壤理化性质对其影响的机制。结果表明:不同植被类型表层土壤水分入渗性能和持水能力差异显著,天然香樟林、玉兰园、桂花园和牡丹园具有较好的入渗性能,表现为较高的饱和导水率(179.70 ~ 441.69 cm/d),其次是人工草坪(31.53 ~ 126.60 cm/d),而樱花园、梅花园和桃李园的入渗性能最差(22.40 ~ 57.99 cm/d) 。天然香樟林土壤持水能力最强,表现为最高的田间持水量(0.315 ~ 0.336 cm~3 /cm~3)和最大有效含水量(0.170 ~ 0.177 cm~3 /cm~3),其次是玉兰园、桂花园、牡丹园、梅花园和桃李园,持水量、有效含水量分别为: 0.241 ~ 0.289 cm~3 /cm~3,0.144 ~ 0.182 cm~3 /cm~3,而樱花园和草坪的持水能力最弱(0.209 ~ 0.254 cm~3 /cm~3,0.139 ~ 0.165 cm~3 /cm~3) 。土壤饱和导水率与总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关关系,与容重呈显著负相关关系。而容重、总孔隙度、砂粒和粘粒含量是影响土壤水分特征的主要因素。可以通过乔灌木林下种植草本植物、减少人为践踏,以及适时翻耕等方式提高绿地土壤的入渗与保水能力,进而提高其降雨存蓄功能,减少城市内涝。
语种：
中文
展开
