期刊：
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY,2024年15:1358799 ISSN：1664-1078
作者机构：
[Dong, Liangshan; Zou, Shisi; Fan, Rong] School of Physical Education, China University of Geoscience, China;[Wang, Bin] School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, China;[Ye, Lv] School of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, China
摘要：
Background: Athlete burnout is a widespread psychological syndrome in competitive sports, negatively impacts athletes’ competitive state and hampers the healthy development of sports organizations. With the rise of positive psychology, exploring the mechanisms of athlete psychological fatigue through the lens of psychological capital has become a focal point of recent research. This study introduces gratitude, a key element of psychological capital in positive psychology, to examine its effect on athlete burnout and its mechanism of action, with a particular focus on the sequential mediating roles of the coach-athlete relationship (CAR) and hope. Method: A cross-sectional study design was utilized, involving 483 active Chinese athletes from national training teams and professional sports teams. The sample comprised both male (n=251) and female (n=232) athletes, with an average age of 19.24 ± 3.99 years. Participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, including the Gratitude Questionnaire, CAR Questionnaire, Hope Questionnaire, and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling in AMOS 24.0 and descriptive statistics and correlation analyses in SPSS 20.0 were employed for data analysis. Results: The study revealed significant associations between athlete gratitude, CAR, hope, and athlete burnout. Notably, gratitude was found to both directly and indirectly (via CAR and hope) influence burnout levels among athletes, suggesting a sequential mediation effect. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of positive psychological constructs in buffering against athlete burnout. Specifically, gratitude, alongside a supportive CAR and elevated levels of hope, may play crucial roles in mitigating burnout symptoms. These insights offer promising directions for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at fostering athlete well-being and performance, advocating for the integration of positive psychology principles in the management and prevention of athlete burnout.
作者机构：
[Xiong, Yingzhe; Wang, Bin; Zhao, Hua] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Yingzhe; Zhang, Bing; Hong, Weihao; Luan, Yisheng; Yuan, Lingfeng] Tsinghua Univ, Div Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Hua] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, B; Zhang, Bing] Tsinghua Univ, Div Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, H ] C;[Zhang, B ] T;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Tsinghua Univ, Div Sports Sci & Phys Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
摘要：
PURPOSE: To investigate the preventive effect of aerobic exercise on renal damage caused by obesity. METHODS: The mice in the Control (Con) and Control + Exercise (Con + Ex) groups received a standard chow diet for the 21-week duration of the study, while the High-fat diet (HFD) group and High-fat diet + Exercise (HFD + Ex) group were fed an HFD. Mice were acclimated to the laboratory for 1 week, given 12 weeks of being on their respective diets, and then the Con + Ex and HFD + Ex groups were subjected to moderate intensity aerobic treadmill running 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. RESULTS: We found that HFD-induced obesity mainly impacts kidney glycerin phospholipids, glycerides, and fatty acyls, and aerobic exercise mainly impacts kidney glycerides, amino acids and organic acids as well as their derivatives. We identified 18 metabolites with significantly altered levels that appear to be involved in aerobic exercise mediated prevention of HFD-induced obesity and renal damage, half of which were amino acids and organic acids and their derivatives. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise rewires kidney metabolites to reduce high-fat diet-induced obesity and renal injury.
摘要：
目的基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建具有心理行为健康和功能问题的大学生参与身体活动的干预效果范畴及架构。方法运用ICF对大学生常见心理行为健康及功能状况进行系统分析。检索PubMed、Web of Scie...展开更多 目的基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建具有心理行为健康和功能问题的大学生参与身体活动的干预效果范畴及架构。方法运用ICF对大学生常见心理行为健康及功能状况进行系统分析。检索PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、中国知网等数据库,收集建库至2022年8月20日公开发表的大学生参与身体活动的健康及功能结局的相关文献,进行系统综述。结果最终纳入英文文献10篇,来自7个国家,涉及10项随机对照试验848例被试,年龄15~34岁;主要来源于康复科学、运动康复、康复心理学和健康心理学等期刊,发表时间集中在2016年之后。大学生心理行为健康和功能问题主要集中于压力、焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍、学习疲劳、手机成瘾、饮酒障碍、久坐行为和身体活动不足。身体活动干预方式有生命舞蹈、哈他瑜伽、太极拳、篮球、八段锦、自行车、游泳、轮滑、棒球、伸展练习、技能训练、抗阻训练、有氧运动等。干预处方主要为长期(4~14周)的每周1~3次的高、中、低强度身体活动。健康结局涉及改善大学生的认知功能,缓解压力、焦虑、抑郁和学习疲劳,减少消极自动思维,增强正念,降低孤独感和缺陷感,提高睡眠质量,提高上肢肌肉耐力;促进运动习惯的培养,增加身体活动参与,提高活动表现和学业成绩,减少久坐行为、饮酒行为和问题性手机使用,增加社会交往;提高健康知觉和心理社会功能,丰富和改善娱乐休闲生活和校园生活,提高人际关系质量、生活质量和幸福感。结论基于ICF构建了心理行为健康和功能问题大学生参与身体活动的理论架构。大学生常见的心理行为健康和功能问题主要分为心理健康和功能问题、行为健康和功能问题。身体活动的干预类型分为体适能类、技能类、运动项目类、组合类。健康结局包括3个方面:身体和心理健康、活动和行为健康及整体功能和生活质量。收起
摘要：
目的：探讨视频模拟训练对新手散打运动员预判能力和反应时的影响以及实验室训练的迁移效果。方法：采用专业摄像机记录2名专业运动员的进攻动作，用Adobe Premier CS 6软件剪辑视频，将剪辑好的视频用Matlab软件编辑成测试与训练程序。以30名新手散打运动员为被试，根据情景干扰理论随机分到随机训练组(训练材料按ABC、BAC排序)、组块训练组(训练材料按AAA、BBB排序)和对照组，每组10名运动员。随机训练组和组块训练组进行2周的知觉认知技能训练，对照组完成每项测试，但不接受视频模拟训练。采用视频分析技术计算运动员在实验室以及现场测试当中的准确率和反应时。结果：(1)训练后及现场测试中，随机组和组块组的预判准确率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),反应时无统计学差异；(2)训练后，随机组和组块组的准确率无统计学差异；(3)现场测试中，随机组和组块组的预判准确率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),随机组和组块组的准确率无统计学差异。结论：视频模拟训练可以提高新手散打运动员的预判准确率；基于实验室的视频模拟训练能够提高新手散打运动员在现实运动情景中的预判能力，但对反应时的影响不明显。情景干扰效应对训练效果无显著影响，随机训练组在延迟测试中未表现出绩效优势。
摘要：
Previous studies have implied that physical activity profoundly influences interpersonal adaptation. However, this effect and its mechanisms have not been directly verified, especially for adolescents. This study examines the association between physical activity and interpersonal adaptation in adolescents through self-esteem and psychological resilience after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Participants included 542 Chinese adolescents (aged 13-18 years; 242 boys and 300 girls). Adolescents in China anonymously completed a series of questionnaires, including the PARS-3 Scale of PE Activity Grade (PARS-3), the Self-esteem Scale (SES), the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (RSCA), and the Interpersonal Adaptation Scale. The results showed that physical activity positively correlated with self-esteem, psychological resilience, and interpersonal adaptation. Additionally, self-esteem and psychological resilience serially mediated the impact of physical activity on interpersonal adaptation. The findings highlight the positive impact of physical activity on adolescent interpersonal adaptation by strengthening positive psychological resources in the post-pandemic era.
