摘要：
The conditional sentence structure featuring the use of cái(才)is an important conditional sentence structure in Chinese.The basic semantic meaning of cái(才)in such conditional sentences indicates necessity,and in specific sentence patterns or within particular...MORE The conditional sentence structure featuring the use of cái(才)is an important conditional sentence structure in Chinese.The basic semantic meaning of cái(才)in such conditional sentences indicates necessity,and in specific sentence patterns or within particular contexts,the condition expressed in a conditional sentence with cái emerges as a sufficient and necessary condition and consequently implies the exclusion of other potential conditions.The usages of cái(才)in such conditional sentences fall under six semantic types:temporal condition,deontic condition,specific condition,exceptional condition,hypothetical condition,and dependent condition.These six conditional sentence structures are divided into the subjective category condition type and the objective category condition type.The subjective category condition includes deontic condition and hypothetical condition,and the objective category condition includes temporal condition and scope condition(specific condition,exceptional condition,and dependent condition).From the perspective of conditional selection,time conditions,deontic conditions,specific conditions,hypothetical conditions and dependent conditions are positive selection conditions,while exceptional conditions are negative exclusion conditions.The historical emergence sequence of the six types of conditional sentences with cái(才)is roughly as follows:temporal condition>deontic condition>specific condition/exceptional condition>hypothetical condition>dependent condition.FEWER
摘要：
In previous studies,the grammatical meaning of the aspect marker guo(过)has been summarized as"terminality","repeatability"and"discontinuity".This article suggests that the action or state expressed by guo has the characteristic of"reco...MORE In previous studies,the grammatical meaning of the aspect marker guo(过)has been summarized as"terminality","repeatability"and"discontinuity".This article suggests that the action or state expressed by guo has the characteristic of"recoverability".The so-called"recoverability"refers to the change process of "non X→X→non X",in which the action or state can be restored to the same one as before the change.If a verb or adjective can be used in the form of"zhiqian(‘past')X(le),ianzai(‘present')non X",it will show "recoverability".The paper distinguishcs between instantaneous restoration and transitional restoration,and proves that"recoverability"is superior to"terminality","repeatability"and"discontinuity",and is the key semantic feature of using guo.The article also reveals that the event expressed by the aspect marker guo goes through the process of"nothing-→something-→nothing",so its grammatical meaning can be modified as“the restored state after change".This definition accurately captures the core meaning of guo and can effectively distinguish it from another aspect marker le.FEWER
