关键词：
Upward social comparison;Social network sites;Self-esteem;Optimism;Depressive symptoms
摘要：
Studies have revealed that upward social comparison on social network sites (SNSs) was a risk factor for depressive symptoms, however, little is known about the underlying processes that may mediate or moderate this relationship. This study extended prior research by examining the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of optimism in this relationship. A sample of 1205 Chinese undergraduate students completed measures of upward social comparison on SNSs, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and optimism. Results showed that self-esteem partially mediated the relation between upward social comparison on SNSs and depressive symptoms. In addition, the direct effect of upward social comparison on SNSs on depressive symptoms and the mediating effect of self-esteem were both moderated by optimism. The two effects were more potent for individuals with low optimism than for those with high optimism. The present study contributes to a better understanding of how and when upward social comparison on SNSs increases the risk of depressive symptoms. Limitations and implications of this study are discussed.
作者机构：
[Sun, Xiao-Jun; Tian, Yuan; Zhou, Zong-Kui; Niu, Geng-Feng; Kong, Fan-Chang] Minist Educ, Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav CCNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Xiao-Jun; Tian, Yuan; Zhou, Zong-Kui; Niu, Geng-Feng; Kong, Fan-Chang] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Subrahmanyam, Kaveri] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 5151 State Univ Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.;[Sun, Xiao-Jun; Subrahmanyam, Kaveri] Univ Calif Los Angeles, CSULA, Childrens Digital Media Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Zong-Kui; Subrahmanyam, Kaveri] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 5151 State Univ Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
摘要：
Intense craving is a core feature of addictive disorder, and cue-induced craving is believed to be a key factor in the maintenance and relapse of addictive behaviors. With the rapid development of the Internet, Internet addiction has become a widespread behavioral problem accompanied by many negative effects. This study used the cue reactivity paradigm to examine cue-induced craving for the Internet among Internet addicts and non-addicts. Participants were exposed to Internet-related words, and asked to report their craving for the Internet. Results indicated that Internet-related words aroused cue-induced craving for the Internet among both Internet addicts and non-addicts; however, the craving was more intense among Internet addicts. These results suggest that craving may not be a unipolar, all or none state found only in addicts, but may also be present among non-addicts. They indicate that Internet-related words may be able to induce craving for the Internet, and that Internet addiction and other addictions may share similar underlying mechanisms. This finding has important implications for designing interventions for Internet addiction. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing (JSPN) is the international interdisciplinary resource for nurses who specialize in the care of children and families. T=\"I\">JSPN bridges the gap between research and practice by publishing peer-reviewed reliable, clinically relevant, and readily applicable evidence. Evidence includes qualitative and quantitative research, clinical expertise, and the perspectives of children and families. The journal integrates the best evidence with pediatric nurses' passion for achieving the best outcomes.The journal values interdisciplinary perspectives in the care of children and families and publishes a wide variety of peer-reviewed papers on clinically relevant topics. Each feature article concludes with a section titled, “How do I apply this information to nursing practice?” In addition, JSPN columns provide a forum for authors to share their expertise. The concise, information-packed columns are popular with students and educators as well as with clinicians.Coverage in the Journals@Ovid database begins with the January 2004 issue.
关键词：
Life satisfaction;Moderated mediation model;Optimism;Self-esteem;Socioeconomic status
摘要：
Research has demonstrated that family socioeconomic status is an important determinant of people's life satisfaction, in that individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds are typically less satisfied with their life than the rich. But little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation. The present study examined the mediation effect of adolescents' self-esteem in the association between socioeconomic status and life satisfaction, and whether this mediating process was moderated by optimism. A sample of 668 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 14.53 years, SD = 1.81) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding SES, life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the association between SES and life satisfaction was mediated by self-esteem. Moreover, the mediating effect of self-esteem was moderated by optimism, with the mediating effect being stronger for individuals with low optimism than for those with high optimism. These findings can be beneficial to our understanding of how and when SES impacts adolescents' well-being. Moreover, the present study highlighted the importance of using the organism-environment interaction to explore potential protective factors for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. A person cannot choose where he comes from (e.g., low socioeconomic status), but can choose whom he wants to be (e.g., optimist).
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Zong-Kui] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Ostracism;Depression;Resilience;Adolescents
摘要：
Though ostracism often increases the risk for depression, the underlying processes that may moderate this relationship are largely unknown. Based on the diathesis stress model of depression, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of resilience in the relation between ostracism and depression among adolescents. The Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents, Connor and Davidson's Resilience Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were administered to 1126 adolescents in China. Results showed that, ostracism was positively associated with depression, while resilience was negatively associated with depression. Resilience was also found to moderate the association between ostracism and depression, with a stronger effect for individuals with low resilience. These results suggest that resilience could be a positive personality trait for alleviating the detrimental effect of ostracism, and are discussed in terms of their limitations and implications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Age differences;Children and adolescents;Chinese;Cross-sectional;Dispositional optimism
摘要：
Research has demonstrated the important roles of dispositional optimism played in individuals' life quality. But little is known about age differences in dispositional optimism especially in late childhood and adolescence. This study examined age differences in dispositional optimism in Chinese children and adolescents (N = 2738; M-age = 12.75 years; SD = 2.53; age range 9-19). Results revealed that the bi-dimensional structure of dispositional optimism (i.e., optimism and pessimism) was similar in each grade. Optimism had a negative linear pattern with age. Pessimism decreased from strongly to weakly, showing a curvilinear pattern with age. Overall optimism (representing the presence of optimism and the lack of pessimism) had a positive linear relationship with age. Moreover, only the development of pessimism was moderated by gender and family socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that dispositionsl optimism varies by age, and that optimism and pessimism are partially independent. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
