作者机构：
[Gao, XF] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Dept English, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Gao, XF] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Dept English, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Hedge is defined as the expression of provisionalness and possibility that makes scientific messages tentative, vague, and imprecise, thereby reducing the force of claims scientists make. Linguistic study of hedges began in the early 1970s in generative semantics. Since then, the focus has shifted from seeking linguistic properties in spoken discourse to analyzing its pragmatic functions in written contextual communication. The purpose of this paper was to analyze hedges in Chinese and English scientific articles from the perspective of contrastive pragmatics. Based on a contextual analysis of 5 Chinese and 5 English scientific articles, selected randomly, from two journals in molecular biology--Science in China and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, there were significant differences between Chinese and English scientific articles in use of hedges.
期刊：
International Journal of Psychology,2004年39(5-6):155-155 ISSN：0020-7594
作者机构：
Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.;Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;Franciscan Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA.;Eastern Illinois Univ, Charleston, IL 61920 USA.
期刊：
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY,2003年31(2):205-213 ISSN：0301-2212
通讯作者：
Zhang, AQ
作者机构：
[Zhang, AQ] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Univ, Sch Business, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, AQ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Causal attribution;Judgment of responsibility;Structural equation models
摘要：
Participants in this study were 217 employees and managers. Two structural equation models that reflected the relationships among locus, stability, controllability, affect responses, the change of expectancy and judgments of responsibility were set up. EQS (Bentler, 2000) was used to test the models. The authors found that their models were well supported by the data. In these models, “cognition” (judgment of responsibility) and “affect” (sympathy and anger) had a two-way directional relationship. Not only were causal locus and stability important attributional dimensions that could contribute to the judgment of responsibility, but also affect response contributed to the judgment of responsibility. Causal attribution (including locus, controllability, stability), affect and expectancy change could serve as the antecedents of judgments of behavior responsibility. These findings have important significance for our understanding of people's social behavior.
作者机构：
Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Econ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;S Bank Univ, Fac Built Environm, London SW8 2JZ, England.;[Xie, QS] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Econ, 100 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xie, QS] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Econ, 100 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Urban land reform is one of the most important constituents of China's whole economic reform programme launched in the late 1970s. Through a series of reforms, urban land markets have emerged rapidly. This paper aims to analyse the evolution of urban land reform, to discuss the structure of urban land markets, to identify the principal constraints in the urban land market and to propose relevant recommendations for its improvement in the future. The methodology employed for this research is based on the structure and agency theory of the development process and the paper relies on a comprehensive review of recent research on the urban land market in China.
摘要：
Self-efficacy and attributional feedback are important cognitive factors that influence the formation of motivation. This research examines the principle of motivation formation by subjects who have different levels of self-efficacy and who get different attributional feedback of ability. The 146 participants were Chinese undergraduate students. The result is: self-efficacy and attributional feedback have the main effects of regulation on motivation, and they also have important influence on the formation of motivation by interaction with each other.
期刊：
Chinese Education and Society,2002年35(2):5-20 ISSN：1061-1932
通讯作者：
Ma, HM
作者机构：
[Ma, HM] Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ma, HM] H;Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
6th Biannual Meeting on Research Methodology of the National-Educational-Sociology-Committee of Chinas-Society-of-Education
会议时间：
NOV, 2000
会议地点：
NANJING, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Whether educational sociology has an independent research methodology is, in itself, a moot point. The writer maintains that this is not of the greatest importance. What is important is whether educational sociology as a discipline has its own research paradigm. The development of a disciplinary paradigm is an important mark of the maturity of a discipline, whereas the formation of that paradigm is, in turn, dependent on the structure of the research model. Thus, this article clarifies the three categories of paradigms of educational sociology, to wit: the positivist paradigm and humanist paradigm; the educational reality paradigm, the educational definitions paradigm, and the educational action paradigm; and functionalism conflict theory, and the interaction paradigm. This article also discusses ways to structure the two models of educational sociology: the analogy method (lei bi fa) and the hypothesis method (jia she fa) and their effects on paradigms.
期刊：
Remedial and Special Education,2001年22(5):288-298 ISSN：0741-9325
通讯作者：
Deng, M
作者机构：
Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Educ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Univ Hong Kong, Dept Educ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Lynchburg Coll, Sch Educ & Human Dev, Lynchburg, VA 24501 USA.;[Deng, M] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Educ, Eliot Hall 115,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Deng, M] U;Univ Hong Kong, Dept Educ, Eliot Hall 115,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Although China has a civilized history and distinguished Confucian tradition of valuing education, special education as an institution was not established until the 19th century, when Western culture began to influence China. The subsequent development of special education has been slow due to adverse political and economic conditions. After the 1980s, a modern system of special education from preschool to higher education was formed, and since then, China has been moving toward the goals of effective inclusive education in response to global trends and the open-reform policy. Through analyzing the characteristics of the development of special education and the composition of the modern special education system in China, the authors reveal the critical social and cultural variables that underlie the development of special education: economic conditions, the Confucian tradition, Western cultural influences, and prevailing Socialist ideology. These factors have contributed to bringing about changes in special education in China, from no special education to special education starting at birth, from minimal to large-scale special education, and from segregation to inclusion.
期刊：
INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES,2000年38(2):124-30 ISSN：1934-9491
通讯作者：
Deng, M
作者机构：
Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Indiana Univ, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.;[Deng, M] Univ Hong Kong, Eliot Hall,115 Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Deng, M] U;Univ Hong Kong, Eliot Hall,115 Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The Learning in Regular Classrooms experiment has evolved in response to China's efforts to educate its large population of students with disabilities who, until the mid-1980s, were denied a free education. In the Learning in Regular Classrooms, students with disabilities (primarily sensory impairments or mild mental retardation) are educated in neighborhood schools in mainstream classrooms. Despite difficulties associated with developing effective inclusive programming, this approach has contributed to a major increase in the enrollment of students with disabilities and increased involvement of schools, teachers, and parents in China's newly developing special education system. Here we describe the development of the Learning in Regular Classroom approach and the challenges associated with educating students with disabilities in China.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION,1994年28(1):93-105 ISSN：0022-4669
通讯作者：
YANG, HL
作者机构：
[WANG, HB; YANG, HL] BEIJING NORMAL UNIV,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.;[YANG, HL] CENT CHINA NORMAL UNIV,DEPT EDUC,WUHAN 430070,PEOPLES R CHINA.
通讯机构：
[YANG, HL] C;CENT CHINA NORMAL UNIV,DEPT EDUC,WUHAN 430070,PEOPLES R CHINA.
摘要：
Because China has more individuals with disabilities than any other country in the world, the development of special education in China occupies an important position. This article gives a general picture of special education in China from its origin to its latest developments, through quoting relevant historical and official documents, authoritative statistics, monographs, and articles. In ancient times China had rich ideological resources in the field; however, the earliest special schools were created in the late 19th century by Western missionaries. The developing pace of special education has increased since the late 1970s; the legislation concerned is being perfected. The efforts of the Chinese themselves, as well as influences and supports from abroad, are key factors that have promoted the development. Special education in China shares similar features with that of the Western countries, while having some of its own characteristics. China is facing many problems to be solved in developing its special education field.
作者机构：
CENT CHINA NORMAL UNIV,WUHAN 430070,PEOPLES R CHINA.;WUHAN UNIV,WUHAN 430072,PEOPLES R CHINA.;[江胶宁; YU, XP; HE, S] 华中师范大学;[JIAN, M] 武汉大学
关键词：
DYNAMIC;CAPI;GROW;TURN
摘要：
A stochastic economic growth model may be transformed into a deterministic economic growth model with an infinite dimentional Banach space of state-contingent capital stocks [6]. This paper proves that under the framework, the stochastic analogues of the asymptotic turnpike theorems in the standard deterministic economic growth model [5] will continue to hold if we assume that essentially smooth programs satisfy uniformly essentially dominant diagonal condition.
