作者机构：
[Liao, Xiao-Mei] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liao, Xiao-Mei] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Moderate noise;Learning and memory;Oxidative stress;Tau phosphorylation;Auditory response property
摘要：
Noise pollution is recognized as a serious human health problem in modern society. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of moderate-intensity white noise exposure on learning and memory of mice, and the underlying mechanisms. The learning and memory ability of mice were evaluated by water maze and step-down inhibitory avoidance experiments respectively, following 1, 3, and 6 weeks noise exposure (80 dB SPL, 2 h/day). To explore potential mechanisms, we determined levels of oxidative stress in the inferior colliculus (IC), auditory cortex (AC), and hippocampus (the structures comprising the critical encephalic region associated with the acoustic lemniscal ascending pathway), the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the hippocampus (important role in learning and memory), and the basic auditory response properties of neurons in the IC. Moderate-intensity noise exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of mice in both water maze and step-down inhibitory avoidance experiments, and the longer the noise exposure time the greater the impairment. At 6 weeks after noise exposure, there was also evidence of oxidative damage in the IC, AC, and hippocampus, hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the hippocampus, and significant changes in the auditory response properties of neurons in the IC. These data results suggest that moderate-intensity noise can progressively impair the learning and memory ability of mice, which may result from peroxidative damage, tau hyperphosphorylation, and auditory coding alteration. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Government Governance adjustment;M-form and U-form Organization;Wuhan Metropolis Circle in China
摘要：
The paper employs M-form and U-form organization theory to analyze the structural innovation of government governance, and tries to study the resources integration and economic performances among different cities in a metropolis circle by using the example of Wuhan metropolis circle in China. Specifically, we focus on analyzing the difference between economic performance before and after the formation of Wuhan metropolis circle. The research result shows that, on the one hand, the formation of Wuhan metropolis circle can make full use of the U-form organization; on the other hand, different cities also benefit from coordinated regional development and rational resources allocation thanks to the formation of metropolis circle. Furthermore, each city has individual characteristics and complementary to other cities. Consequently, the economic performance of theses cities greatly differs from each other.
关键词：
Chinese peasant households;Employment decision-making;Labor migrant
摘要：
This paper depicts the process and the path of labor mobility from the perspective of evolutionary game between peasant households and the government. The research shows that: first, to some extent, the government's policies, which aim at the social and economic development and the employment increase, have been changing at every stage of the reform. Second, with time passing and reform deepening, the government shows a more and more affirmative attitude towards farmer's choice about "working in non-agricultural sectors inside rural areas" and "rural laborer flow to the cities". Third, the political system innovation, which has been carried out since the Chinese reform of 1978, is a process from bottom to top with a strong motivation derived from the farmers. And the policy at each stage reacts to the employment behavior of peasants, although this reaction has lagged a little. Fourth, the labor mobility of peasants has been still more and more active research and the government is capable of taking more positive attitude when facing huge labor flow for works in urban areas.
关键词：
health locus of control;health-related quality of life;lung cancer;social support
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to explore the level and predictors of the health-related quality of life among patients who were newly diagnosed with lung cancer in China. A descriptive survey design was used to collect the data from 108 patients. The relationships among the variables were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results indicated that the patients in this sample had a poor quality of life in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Their age, annual family income, social support, and three dimensions of the health locus of control (internal, external, and chance) correlated significantly with the global quality of life. The stepwise multiple regressions showed that only the internal locus of control was statistically significant in predicting the patients' quality of life. The results suggest that healthcare professionals should pay particular attention to demographic characteristics, such as age and family income, and personal characteristics, such as the health locus of control and social support, when treating this patient group.
期刊：
International Nursing Review,2011年58(1):138-144 ISSN：0020-8132
通讯作者：
Zhou, Z. K.
作者机构：
[Cai, C. F.] Wuhan Univ, Hope Sch Nursing, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Z. K.] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yeh, H.] Univ Memphis, Coll Educ, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.;[Hu, J.] Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Z. K.] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
China;Internal Work Motivation;Job Characteristics;Job Satisfaction;Nursing;Personal Growth;Structural Empowerment
摘要：
Cai C.F., Zhou Z.K., Yeh H. & Hu J. (2011) Empowerment and its effects on clinical nurses in central China. International Nursing Review58, 138–144 Background: Chinese healthcare institutions have undergone constant changes in recent years. A large number of research studies conducted on work-related factors revealed that nurses in China experienced a low level of job satisfaction and a high level of turnover intention. Empowerment is one of the most important concepts in nursing and is most relevant to the study of nursing professionals' job-related outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to test the Job Characteristics Model and the mediating role of structural empowerment on the relationships between the job characteristics and work-related outcomes among clinical nurses from central China. Methods: Three self-reported questionnaires were administered to a sample of 238 clinical nurses from two hospitals in central China. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions. Findings: Correlations were significant between job characteristics and job-related outcomes, and the estimated model on the effect of empowerment reduced the unique contribution of job characteristics on internal work motivation (from 17.2% to 13.0%) and general job satisfaction (from13.4% to 10.1%), and eliminated the unique contribution of job characteristics on growth satisfaction (from 18.4% to 0%). Conclusions: The results supported the Job Characteristics Model in a nursing sample and empowerment mediated the impact of job characteristics on internal work motivation and general job satisfaction partially and on growth satisfaction completely.
期刊：
Progress in Physical Geography-Earth and Environment,2010年34(2):207-220 ISSN：0309-1333
通讯作者：
Zhuang, Qianlai
作者机构：
[Liu, Gang; Wu, Chonglong; Xu, Kai; Kong, Chunfang; Deng, Hongbin] China Univ Geosci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;[Xu, Kai] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yi] Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhuang, Qianlai] P;Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
关键词：
driving force;ecological method;Geographic Information System (GIS);landscape pattern;TM imageries;Wuhan
摘要：
Urban wetlands play a significant role in the sustainable development of the urban eco-environment. However, accelerated urbanization has caused rapid changes in urban wetland landscape patterns, which may seriously affect their functions. Based on land-use maps, TM images, and field data from the Wuhan wetlands, the spatiotemporal evolution and wetland landscape pattern were quantitatively analyzed, with reference to landscape ecology indices of diversity, fragmentation, dominance, shape, and dimension. The results showed that: (1) the natural wetland area decreased: lake wetlands and marsh wetlands decreased by 18.71% and 50.3% from 1987 to 2005, respectively; (2) artificial wetland area increased by 47.75% in Wuhan over the same period; (3) the lake wetland area of Wuhan declined due to the conversion of large lakes to smaller ones; (4) the value of the diversity index (H), evenness index (E), and fragmentation index (F) decreased, while the value of the dominance index (D) increased from 1987 to 2005; (5) the landscape shape index (LSI) and fractal dimension (FD) of the river wetlands, lake wetlands, bottomland wetlands, and marsh wetlands decreased, while the LSI and FD of the reservoir and pond wetlands increased from 1987 to 2005; and (6) natural, societal, and economic, as well as human, activities are major factors for the structural changes in the Wuhan wetland landscape, as revealed by canonical correlation analysis. Results suggest that the ecological environment of urban wetlands should be protected to maximize the services of urban wetland ecosystems in Wuhan, China.
关键词：
culture;lay theories of change;prediction;regression toward the mean
摘要：
Four studies were conducted to investigate cultural differences in predicting and understanding regression toward the mean. We demonstrated, with tasks in such domains as athletic competition, health and weather, that Chinese are more likely than Canadians to make predictions that are consistent with regression toward the mean. In addition, Chinese are more likely than Canadians to choose a regression-consistent explanation to account for regression toward the mean. The findings are consistent with cultural differences in lay theories about how people, objects and events develop over time.
摘要：
This paper presents the results obtained from a study comparing the strategies used by 1,070 Chinese students and 1,002 Singaporean students from primary grade 6 to secondary year 2 in solving three fraction-related problems. It is part of the author's Ph.D. study, which involves more word problems on speed. The Chinese students performed better than the Singaporean students on two of the three problems, while the Singaporean students performed better than the Chinese students on the other. The strategy analyses reveal that the Chinese students used the traditional methods like arithmetic and algebraic strategies more frequently than the Singaporean students, whereas the Singaporean students used the model and unitary methods more frequently than the Chinese students. Implications for the teaching and learning of word problems on speed, as well as problem solving, are also provided.
期刊：
Journal of Education for Teaching,2010年36(1):57-73 ISSN：0260-7476
通讯作者：
Yan, Chunmei
作者机构：
[He, Chuanjun; Yan, Chunmei] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yan, Chunmei] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
pre‐service teacher education;teaching practicum;theory and practice
摘要：
This paper reports on a study of Chinese pre‐service teachers' perceived problems in their teaching practicum. Reflective paper‐writing was employed to investigate the views of 210 student teachers on an English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher education programme in Central China. The findings highlight six major problems. The paper points out that these problems have been caused by the exiting rationalist model of teacher education, and emphasises the need to transform the existing model of teaching practicum. The transformation entails a re‐examination of the existing EFL teacher education programme. The paper argues for setting up a new model that stresses continual interactions between the theoretical and practical components of a course, and close contact and collaborations between universities and schools to improve student teachers' professional development in teaching practicum.
期刊：
International Journal of Modern Physics C,2010年21(1):79-95 ISSN：0129-1831
通讯作者：
Deng, Weibing
作者机构：
[Deng, Weibing] Cent China Normal Univ, Complex Sci Ctr, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Deng, Weibing] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Complex Sci Ctr, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Time series;fractal;DFA;long-range correlation;self-similarity
摘要：
Applying the statistical hypothesis testing, we investigate several nonlinear properties embedded in the return series of the Chinese Fund Market (CFM), which suggests the series is non-normal, auto-correlative and heteroskedastic. We hereby analyze the Hurst exponent of the return series in different timescales on the basis of the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) algorithm, and discuss the fractal behavior of the CFM. Furthermore, by studying the correlation of different weights in the volatility, we find the persistent long-range power-law correlation exists in the time series. We also provide hints that the above statistical properties are insensitive to the funds kind, and may be irrelevant to the market phases. Our work may reveal the self-similarity characteristics of the financial market and show a better understanding of the CFM.
摘要：
The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the ecological risks in land consolidation, and to develop a framework of the theory and method to assess the change of ecological risk degree before and after land consolidation. Environmental impacts and ecological risks of land consolidation have recently drawn much attention, and there are two opposing viewpoints to assess these impacts and risks in the academia of China. Both viewpoints result from the bias of assessment anticipation. Land consolidation includes four main engineering aspects in China, and ecological succession from start of land consolidation to ecosystem stabilization should pass three phases. Different ecological impacts and risks of land consolidation rise from different phases of ecological successions. According to the climax theory of ecology. we developed a framework of the ecological risk assessment based on the anticipation of ecosystem stabilization (ERABAES) for land consolidation. We applied analytical hierarchical processing (AHP) method to the data resources from the land consolidation project in Southern China to allocate weightings to the indices of ecological risk (ER), and to set up an integrated index system for the ecological risk identification. This integrated index system encompasses the ecological risks with three factors (water, soil and biology) and 14 indices. The results of the project show: (1) The ER is reduced from 58.02 to 28.8 after land consolidation and the degree of ecological risk is down from Degree III to Degree IV. (2) According to the element analysis, the water ER is reduced from 21.53 to 6.16, its contribution to reduce the ecological risk is 53%; the reduced ERs of soil and biology are respectively 12.79 and 1.06, their contribution of ecological risk reduce is lower than water. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS,2010年38(1):134-156 ISSN：0091-3723
通讯作者：
Xu, Jie
作者机构：
[Xu, Jie] Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Jie] Univ Macau, Taipa, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Jie] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Focus construction;position of focus marker;LF movement
摘要：
Two groups of Chinese sentences involve LF wh-movement in the same fashion but contrast sharply in grammaticality. We demonstrate in this article that this systematic contrast constitutes a significant puzzle for the well-known claim that LF movement of adjuncts is constrained by the applicable locality conditions whereas that of arguments need not obey those conditions in the wh-in-situ languages like Chinese. We argue that this contrast can be accounted for naturally by appealing to a general condition on the positioning of the Chinese focus marker shi, which has nothing to do with the locality conditions on movement in any form. Furthermore, a reasonable solution of the problem argues for a Pied-Piping approach to deal with the language facts that have been under consideration by many authors but have not received a satisfactory treatment. That is, what is being LF-extracted in those superficially island-violating sentences in fact is the whole island that contains the questioned or focused element rather than the questioned or focused element alone. The LF movement of arguments is subject to the locality conditions very much in the very same fashion as that of adjuncts in the Chinese language.
作者：
Spina, Roy R.*;Ji, Li-Jun;Guo, Tieyuan;Zhang, Zhiyong;Li, Ye;...
期刊：
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2010年36(5):583-597 ISSN：0146-1672
通讯作者：
Spina, Roy R.
作者机构：
[Fabrigar, Leandre; Ji, Li-Jun; Spina, Roy R.; Guo, Tieyuan] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada.;[Zhang, Zhiyong] Beijing Univ, Dept Psychol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.;[Li, Ye] Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.;[Spina, Roy R.] Birmingham City Univ, Div Psychol, Birmingham B42 2SU, W Midlands, England.
通讯机构：
[Spina, Roy R.] B;Birmingham City Univ, Div Psychol, Birmingham B42 2SU, W Midlands, England.
关键词：
heuristics;representativeness;holism;attribution;culture and cognition
摘要：
Based on previous research on cultural differences in analytic and holistic reasoning, it was hypothesized in these studies that when explaining events, North Americans would be more likely than East Asians to expect causes to correspond in magnitude with those events (i.e., big events stem from big causes and small events stem from small causes). In a series of studies, Canadian and Chinese participants judged the likelihood that high- or low-magnitude events were caused by high- or low-magnitude causes. Overall, Canadians expected events and their causes to correspond in magnitude to a greater degree than did Chinese. Also, Canadians primed to reason holistically expected less cause-effect magnitude correspondence than did those primed to reason analytically.
