关键词：
ethical standards;ethical issues;clinical and counseling psychology;China
摘要：
This article aims to summarize the current ethical issues in the field of clinical and counseling psychology and the process of developing professional ethical standards in China. First, through a review of the history of counseling and psychotherapy in China, general background information is provided. Important ethical issues are then discussed based on the results from several empirical studies. Finally, the process of developing the new edition of the Chinese Psychological Society Code of Ethics for Clinical and Counseling Psychology, the main contents as well as the considerations taken into account in the development of this code are presented.
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of workplace structural empowerment perceived by Chinese clinical nurses, as well as to identify the relationship between nurses' perceptions of empowerment and job satisfaction, and turnover intention. A total of 189 staff nurses from two hospitals in central China completed a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that these nurses perceived moderate levels of workplace empowerment. Structural empowerment and job satisfaction were found to be negatively related to turnover intention. These findings have important implications for administrators providing an effective work environment for clinical nurses.
作者机构：
[Liao, Meizhen] Huazhong Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liao, Meizhen] H;Huazhong Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
interruption;criminal courtroom discourse;Chinese legal system and culture;discourse analysis;interruption;criminal courtroom discourse;Chinese legal system and culture;discourse analysis
摘要：
This article is based on a corpus of transcripts of four criminal courtroom trials in China. It investigates interruption in the Chinese criminal courtroom discourse as a highly institutionalized and strongly goal-oriented discourse. The study focuses on the number, functions, causes, and distribution of interruptions as well as their correlation with the Chinese legal system and legal culture. Interruptions in Chinese courtroom trials are substantially asymmetrical in terms of the number, functions, and causes in the sense that prosecutors interrupt the most and defense lawyers the least, with judges being in the middle but somewhat closer to prosecutors. A defendant is the most interrupted party. The dominant side, represented by the judge and the prosecutor, interrupts to exercise control by stretching the Gricean maxims to the extreme. In contrast, a defendant interrupts mainly for cooperation or to insist on their right to speak. I also attempt to explain the imbalance by referring to the Chinese judicial system and legal culture and compare the interruption phenomena in Chinese criminal trials with those I observed in the United States.;This article is based on a corpus of transcripts of four criminal courtroom trials in China. It investigates interruption in the Chinese criminal courtroom discourse as a highly institutionalized and strongly goal-oriented discourse. The study focuses on the number, functions, causes, and distribution of interruptions as well as their correlation with the Chinese legal system and legal culture. Interruptions in Chinese courtroom trials are substantially asymmetrical in terms of the number, functions, and causes in the sense that prosecutors interrupt the most and defense lawyers the least, with judges being in the middle but somewhat closer to prosecutors. A defendant is the most interrupted party. The dominant side, represented by the judge and the prosecutor, interrupts to exercise control by stretching the Gricean maxims to the extreme. In contrast, a defendant interrupts mainly for cooperation or to insist on their right to speak. I also attempt to explain the imbalance by referring to the Chinese judicial system and legal culture and compare the interruption phenomena in Chinese criminal trials with those I observed in the United States.
期刊：
Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,2009年388(9):1893-1907 ISSN：0378-4371
通讯作者：
Jiang, J.
作者机构：
[Wang, Qiuping A.; Jiang, J.] Inst Super Mat Mans, F-72000 Le Mans, France.;[Li, W.; Cai, X.; Jiang, J.] Hua Zhong Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Complex Sci Ctr, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Li, W.] Max Planck Inst Math Sci, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.;[Jiang, J.] Inst Super Mat Mans, 44 Ave FA Bartholdi, F-72000 Le Mans, France.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, J.] I;Inst Super Mat Mans, 44 Ave FA Bartholdi, F-72000 Le Mans, France.
摘要：
We investigate the statistical properties of the empirical data taken from the Chinese stock market during the time period from January, 2006 to July, 2007. By using the methods of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and calculating correlation coefficients, we acquire the evidence of strong correlations among different stock types, stock index, stock volume turnover, A share (B share) seat number, and GDP per capita. In addition, we study the behavior of “volatility”, which is now defined as the difference between the new account numbers for two consecutive days. It is shown that the empirical power-law of the number of aftershock events exceeding the selected threshold is analogous to the Omori law originally observed in geophysics. Furthermore, we find that the cumulative distributions of stock return, trade volume and trade number are all exponential-like, which does not belong to the universality class of such distributions found by Xavier Gabaix et al. [Xavier Gabaix, Parameswaran Gopikrishnan, Vasiliki Plerou, H. Eugene Stanley, Nature, 423 (2003)] for major western markets. Through the comparison, we draw a conclusion that regardless of developed stock markets or emerging ones, “cubic law of returns” is valid only in the long-term absolute return, and in the short-term one, the distributions are exponential-like. Specifically, the distributions of both trade volume and trade number display distinct decaying behaviors in two separate regimes. Lastly, the scaling behavior of the relation is analyzed between dispersion and the mean monthly trade value for each administrative area in China.
作者机构：
[Yan, Chunmei; Yan, CM] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yan, Chunmei] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Longer-term sustainability;Cross-cultural teacher training programmes;Contributing factors;Constraining factors;Measures;Cultural continuity;Mutual adaptation
摘要：
This paper reports on a study that examines decisive factors for longer-term sustainability of cross-cultural teacher training initiatives in China. It focuses on teacher trainees' perspectives of a Sino-British adult education English language teaching project based in Central China. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed to gather information from the teachers who participated in the programme between 1997 and 2002. Documentation was used as a supplementary method of data collection. The findings indicate that the project has contributed to teachers' professional development in a number of ways. Meanwhile, cross-cultural communication emerged as a salient issue for longer-term sustainability of the programme. The study indicates that cultural communication is of vital importance in implementing cross-cultural programmes, and that mutual understanding and adaptation might help to enhance the viability of such initiatives in China. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
