摘要：
＂Ruguoshuo （如果说）p dehua（的话）,q＂ is a particular type of sentences in modern Chinese hypothesis compound clause. The paper examines the sentence pattern from three aspects. Firstly, the sentences＇ construction is examined from the former-echo clauses and back-response clauses. Secondly, it discusses the double-correspondence and triple-correspondence meaning relationships of them. Thirdly, the using value of them is examined from the angle of language strategy.
摘要：
This article discusses the grammaticalization courses of ＂jieguo＂（结果） and the motivation of the grammaticalization, including cognitive rules, pragmatic rules, analogic mechanism and reanalysis. Lastly, it rectifies a wrong view that ＂jieguo＂ is a conjunction which shows ＂cause and effect relationship＂ and points out that it shows consistency between sentences and the former sentence before ＂jieguo＂ should indicate events.
摘要：
Model-based words B.C are the series of words which have the characteristics of model Biao（标） and model Cao（槽）, and they can be divided into four parts of speech： typed substantive/morpheme ＋ phrase/word, categorical substantive/morpheme ＋ phrase/word/morpheme, emotional empty morpheme ＋ phrase/word, grammaticalized empty morpheme ＋ word/morpheme. Based on the study of this type of words, this article sums up three bases of distinguishing their inner words and expressions： number of syllables, meaning, structure.
摘要：
Shuo shenme（说什么） is an unconditional concessive contracted sentence. After the analysis of the syntactic and semantic features of the sentence, the strong subjectivity and concession of the structure are demonstrated, which are formed through reanalysis and analogy on the basis of the semantic generalization of Shuo（说）, the enhancement of the random-referentiality of Shenme（什么） and the ability of analogy and organization of Ye（也）. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of the contracted sentence is analyzed, and a diachronic investigation of this type of sentences is made.
