摘要：
In Shaoyang urban dialect, sentences with ＂qing（请）＂ are usually used as the marked passive sentences whose typical pattern is ＂NP1＋qing＋NP2＋VP2＂. Such a constitution is charac- teristic of two outstanding aspects： the complexity of VP2 and the obligatoriness of NP2. Passive sen- tences with ＂qing＂ have two basic pragmatic functions： 1）emotional function, which expresses the speakers’subjective emotion and unexpected feeling;2）positioning function, which is used by the speaker to position the patient as a victim role to imply the patient＇s inability to control their behavior. Like the formation of passive category in many other languages, passivity of ＂qing＂ in Shaoyang urban dialect has developed from causativity, namely requests〉causativity〉unwilling permission〉passivi- ty.
摘要：
In Shaoyang urban dialect, sentences with ＂qing（请）＂ are usually used as the marked passive sentences whose typical pattern is ＂NP1＋qing＋NP2＋VP2＂. Such a constitution is charac- teristic of two outstanding aspects： the complexity of VP2 and the obligatoriness of NP2. Passive sen- tences with ＂qing＂ have two basic pragmatic functions： 1）emotional function, which expresses the speakers’subjective emotion and unexpected feeling;2）positioning function, which is used by the speaker to position the patient as a victim role to imply the patient＇s inability to control their behavior. Like the formation of passive category in many other languages, passivity of ＂qing＂ in Shaoyang urban dialect has developed from causativity, namely requests〉causativity〉unwilling permission〉passivi- ty.
摘要：
This paper mainly discusses the phenomenon in which the zenme(怎么)-rhetorical question conveys negative meanings.The formation mechanism of its negative meaning can be explained as follows.The context suggests or expresses that the action related to VP in the context is impossible or unreasonable;the rhetorical question is used by the speaker not to inquire but to intentionally question and doubt the relative manners or reasons.Under the guidance of the principle of"doubting yes and believing no",the negative meaning of zenme-rhetorical question emerges.Meanwhile,in the given context,the hearer can infer that the speaker is doubtful of the reasonability and possibility of VP and can thus understand its negative meaning with the direction of both the cooperative principle and the maxim of relevance.
摘要：
The category of dummy verbs includes both typical members and atypical members, the latter of which have not attracted enough attention of current scholars. A1 though ＂Vchu＂ （出） , such as zuochu （做出/作出）, geichu （给出）, tichu （提出） and fa- chu （发出）, are atypical members, they can distribute in the same positions where typical dummy verbs appear and have the same properties as typical ones. This paper shows that ＂V chu＂ are in the process of lexicalization. Further, the critical context for lexicalization of ＂V chu＂ lies in the fact that they take disyllable verbs as their objects, and the two ways of un- derstanding provide the condition for the transition from ＂V chu＂ to dummy verbs. Based on the above analysis, this paper points out that the typical distribution frame of dummy verbs, that is, ＂preposition ＋ patient ＋__＋ disyllabic transitive verb＂, is the final context for lexicalization of ＂V chu＂.
摘要：
'Ge(圪)' is one of the key features in Jin dialect and is widely distributed in Mandarin around Jin dialect area.Dan Jiangkou city,which once accepted the immigrants from Shanxi Province,is located in the junction of Zhongyuan Mandarin Area and Southwest Mandarin Area, the fringe of dialects with 'ge(圪)'.'Ge(圪)' in Danjiang dialect has its own characteristics.
摘要：
Fouze（否则） is an important linking word, which can be used to construct the pattern of＂p, Fouze（否则） q＂. The Fouze（否则） could be conditionally leaved out in the conditional, imperative, or optative patterns. There are certain semantic basis and syntactic cause for the ellipsis of Fouze（否则）. The structure of ＂p, Fouze（否则） q＂ would be affected and changed while the Fouze（否则） being left out.
