期刊：
Landscape and Urban Planning,2023年233:104712 ISSN：0169-2046
通讯作者：
Hongyu Niu<&wdkj&>Hongmao Zhang
作者机构：
[Yue, Xingcheng; Chen, Zhiwen; Niu, Hongyu; Zhang, Hongmao; Zhao, Hengyue] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Rehling, Finn; Schabo, Dana G.; Niu, Hongyu; Farwig, Nina] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Biol, Conservat Ecol, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.;[Wang, Xiaorong] Hubei Acad Forestry, Wuhan 430075, Peoples R China.;[Niu, Hongyu; Zhang, Hongmao] 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hongyu Niu; Hongmao Zhang] I;Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany<&wdkj&>Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
摘要：
Urban forests are highly fragmented in mega-cites, acting as islands in terms of preserving species diversity. To maintain the ecological services of urban forests, management measures such as reforestation have been implemented, which might have a long-term effect on biodiversity. To understand how fragmentation and reforestation affect the natural regeneration of urban forests, we investigated the relationship between forest area, isolation and seed dispersal mode and the diversity and composition of woody species at the tree, seedling, and sapling stages in 28 secondary forests of the mega-city of Wuhan, China. We found that the alpha diversity of woody species was positively correlated with forest area, while their beta diversity was negatively correlated with forest area. The beta diversity of nonanimal-dispersed species significantly correlated with isolation. Animal-dispersed plants had consistently a higher alpha diversity from trees to seedlings and saplings, while their beta diversity was lower than nonanimal-dispersed plants at the seedling and sapling stage. The community composition of woody plants in urban forests was largely congruent among the three life stages. However, only the communities of animal-dispersed plants were consistent across life stages in small or highly-isolated forest patches. The results show that the woody plant diversity of urban forests is largely similar to that expected by island theory. Animal-dispersed trees are more likely to regenerate successfully due to a more diverse set of species used in reforestation and their higher tolerance to urban forest fragmentation. More management measures for nonanimal-dispersed species, such as enriching and repeating reforestation, will be required to maintain their high biodiversity in urban forests.
期刊：
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2022年19(13):8150- ISSN：1661-7827
通讯作者：
Yang Yang
作者机构：
[Zhao, Wei; Deng, Wei; Yang, Yang] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang Yang] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
作者机构：
[Li, Yanpeng; Huang, Zhipang; Sun, Xuhui; Xiao, Wen; Wang, Rongxing] Dali Univ, Inst Eastern Himalaya Biodivers Res, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Yicong] Nujiang Adm Bur, Gaoligongshan Natl Nat Reserve, Nujiang 673200, Peoples R China.;[He, Xiaobin] Baima Snow Mt Natl Nat Reserve Adm Bur, Diqing 674500, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Peng] Northeastern Univ, Coll Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;[Li, Yanpeng; Huang, Zhipang] Dali Univ, Yunling Black & White Snub Nosed Monkey Observat, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yanpeng Li] S;[Zhipang Huang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Yunling Black-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali 671003, China<&wdkj&>International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates Conservation, Dali University, Dali 671003, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China<&wdkj&>School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Yunling Black-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali 671003, China<&wdkj&>International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates Conservation, Dali University, Dali 671003, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
摘要：
With >1 400 species, bats comprise the second-largest order of mammals and provide critical ecological services as insect consumers, pollinators, and seed dispersers. Yet, bats are frequently associated with infectious human diseases such as SARS, MERS, and Ebola. As early as the end of January 2020, several virological studies have suggested bats as a probable origin for SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. How does the public view the role of bats in COVID-19? Here we report pilot data collected shortly after the outbreak of COVID-19 using two online surveys, combined with a conservation intervention experiment, primarily on people who are receiving or have received higher education in China. We found that 84% of the participants of an online survey (n = 13 589) have misunderstood the relationship between bats and COVID-19, which strengthened negative attitudes towards bats. Knowledge of bats, gender, and education level of the participants affected their attitudes towards bats. Participants who indicated a better knowledge of bats had a more positive attitude towards bats. The proportion of female participants who had negative attitudes towards bats was higher than that of male participants. Participants with a higher education level indicated a more positive attitude towards bats after the outbreak of COVID-19. A specially prepared bat conservation lecture improved peoples' knowledge of bats and the positive attitudes, but failed to correct the misconception that bats transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans directly. We suggest that the way virologists frame the association of bats with diseases, the countless frequently inaccurate media coverages, and the natural perceptual bias of bats carrying and transmitting diseases to humans contributed to the misunderstandings. This probably led to a rise in the events of evicting bats from dwellings and structures by humans and the legislative proposal for culling disease-relevant wildlife in China. A better understanding of the relationship between disease, wildlife and human health could help guide the public and policymakers in an improved program for bat conservation.
作者机构：
[Xie, Jing; Chen, Mingqing; Han, Qi; Wei, Zhaolan; Wang, Yunyi; Wang, Shuwei] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Mingqing] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Mingqing] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
ASD;mTOR;Oxidative stress;Phenanthrene;Vitamin E
摘要：
Autism is thought to be associated with both environmental and genetic factors. Phenanthrene (Phe) makes up a relatively high proportion of the low-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the association between exposure to Phe and Autism remain unclear. In this study, the effect and mechanisms of phenanthrene exposure on autistic behavior were investigated. Three-week-old male Kunming mice were exposed to doses of 5, 50, or 500 mu g/kg/d Phe for 22 days. Exposure to phenanthrene induced a marked decrease in the activity of the mice in the central area in the open field test, and caused a significant decrease in communication with unfamiliar mice in the three-chambered social test. The hippocampus of the mice exposed to high concentrations of Phe showed pathological changes. Exposure to phenanthrene induced an increase in the levels of ROS and a decrease in levels of glutathione, and caused a significant decrease in the expression of Shank3 and Beclin1. This also led to an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR. However, administering Rapamycin or vitamin E, inhibited the oxidative stress and activation of the mTOR pathway induced by Phe exposure, effectively alleviating the above-mentioned autistic-like anxious social behaviors. These results indicate that exposure to phenanthrene will lead to autism-like behavior. The underlying mechanism involves oxidative stress and the mTOR pathway.
摘要：
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor that causes problems in waters all around the world. In this study, the effects of submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum) cultured in vitro on the removal of BPA at two initial concentrations (0.5 mg L-1 vs. 5.0 mg L-1) from Donghu lake water were investigated, using different biomass densities (2 g L-1 vs. 10 g L-1) under different nutrient conditions (1.85 mg L-1 and 0.039 mg L-1 vs. 8.04 mg L-1 and 0.175 mg L-1 of the total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, respectively), together with the effect of indigenous microorganisms in the water. The results showed that indigenous microorganisms had limited capacity for BPA removal, especially at higher BPA initial concentration when its removal rate amounted to about 12% in 12 days. Addition with plant seedlings (5 cm in length) greatly enhanced the BPA removal, which reached 100% and over 50% at low and high BPA initial concentration in 3 days, respectively. Higher biomass density greatly favored the process, resulting in 100% of BPA removal at high BPA initial concentration in 3 days. However, increases in nutrient availability had little effect on the BPA removal by plants. BPA at 10.0 mg L-1 significantly inhibited the growth of M. spicatum. Therefore, C. demersum may be a candidate for phytoremediation due to greater efficiency for BPA removal and tolerance to BPA pollution. Overall, seedlings of submerged macrophytes from in vitro culture showed great potential for use in phytoremediation of BPA in natural waters, especially C. demersum.
关键词：
building materials;childhood rhinitis;household renovation;indoor air quality;renovation periods
摘要：
During 2010-2012, we surveyed 40,010 3- to 6-year-old children in seven Chinese cities (Beijing, Taiyuan, Urumqi, Shanghai, Nanjing, Changsha, and Chongqing). Their parents reported information on household renovation, including the timing of renovation and the choice of materials for walls and floors in the child's room, and the incidence of their child's rhinitis. Multivariate and two-level (city-child) logistic regression analyses yielding adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were performed. Sensitivity analyses stratifying data for location and economic level were also performed. About 48.0% of the children had ever had allergic rhinitis, 41.2% had current allergic rhinitis, and 9.0% had had doctor-diagnosed rhinitis. Exposure to household renovation during early lifetime (birth to 1-year-old) had an AOR of 1.43 (1.04-1.9) for allergic rhinitis. The incidence of allergic rhinitis was significantly different in children exposed to different floor and wall covering materials. Floor or wall covering material composed of organic materials significantly increased the risk of childhood allergic rhinitis compared with tile flooring or lime wall covering. Oil paint had an AOR of 1.66 (1.28-2.14) for diagnosed rhinitis compared with lime wall covering. Adding new furniture the year before pregnancy was associated with an AOR of 1.18 (1.10-1.27) and 1.18 (1.11-1.25) for lifetime and current rhinitis. Solid wood or tiles/ceramic as floor materials, and using wallpaper, oil paint, or emulsion panels as wall materials were risk factors for doctor-diagnosed rhinitis. Sensitivity analyses showed that children living in southern or higher economic level China cities were more likely to have allergic rhinitis with household renovation.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY,2020年223(19):jeb225284 ISSN：0022-0949
通讯作者：
Luo, Jinhong
作者机构：
[Lu, Manman; Zhang, Guimin; Luo, Jinhong] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci te, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Manman; Zhang, Guimin; Luo, Jinhong] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Jinhong] Northeast Normal Univ, Jilin Prov Key Lab Anim Resource Conservat & Util, Changchun 130117, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Jinhong] C;[Luo, Jinhong] N;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci te, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Northeast Normal Univ, Jilin Prov Key Lab Anim Resource Conservat & Util, Changchun 130117, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Acoustic communication;Echolocation;Lombard effect;Vocal production control
摘要：
Flexible vocal production control enables sound communication in both favorable and unfavorable conditions. The Lombard effect, which describes a rise in call amplitude with increasing ambient noise, is a widely exploited strategy by vertebrates to cope with interfering noise. In humans, the Lombard effect influences the lexical stress through differential amplitude modulation at a sub-call syllable level, which so far has not been documented in animals. Here, we bridge this knowledge gap with two species of Hipposideros bats, which produce echolocation calls consisting of two functionally well-defined units: the constant-frequency (CF) and frequency-modulated (FM) components. We show that ambient noise induced a strong, but differential, Lombard effect in the CF and FM components of the echolocation calls. We further report that the differential amplitude compensation occurred only in the spectrally overlapping noise conditions, suggesting a functional role in releasing masking. Lastly, we show that both species of bats exhibited a robust Lombard effect in the spectrally non-overlapping noise conditions, which contrasts sharply with the existing evidence. Our data highlight echolocating bats as a potential mammalian model for understanding vocal production control.
作者：
Cooper, Andrew M.;Felix, Didra;Alcantara, Fatima;Zaslavsky, Ilya;Work, Amy;...
期刊：
Plant Direct,2020年4(1):e00198- ISSN：2475-4455
通讯作者：
Schroeder, Julian, I
作者机构：
[Schroeder, Julian, I; Zhu, Dan; Scavo, Alexander J.; Alcantara, Fatima; Zarabi, Yasman; Felix, Didra; Yu, Qi; Cooper, Andrew M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Cell & Dev Biol Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;[Zaslavsky, Ilya] San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Spatial Informat Syst Lab, La Jolla, CA USA.;[Work, Amy] San Diego Supercomp Ctr, UC San Diego Lib, La Jolla, CA USA.;[Watson, Paul L.] Global Act Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA.;[Pezzoli, Keith] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Bioreg Ctr Sustainabil Sci Planning & Design, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
通讯机构：
[Schroeder, Julian, I] U;Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Cell & Dev Biol Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
摘要：
Urban community gardens have increased in prevalence as a means to generate fresh fruits and vegetables, including in areas lacking access to healthy food options. However, urban soils may have high levels of toxic heavy metals, including lead and cadmium and the metalloid arsenic, which can lead to severe health risks. In this study, fruit and vegetable samples grown at an urban community garden in southeastern San Diego, the Ocean View Growing Grounds, were sampled repeatedly over a four-year time period in order to measure potential contamination of toxic heavy metals and metalloids and to develop solutions for this problem. Metal nutrient, heavy metal, and metalloid concentrations were monitored in the leaf and fruit tissues of fruit trees over the sampling period. Several of the fruit trees showed uptake of lead in the leaf samples, with Black Mission fig measuring 0.843-1.531 mg/kg dry weight and Mexican Lime measuring 1.103-1.522 mg/kg dry weight over the sampling period. Vegetables that were grown directly in the ground at this community garden and surrounding areas showed arsenic, 0.80 + 0.073 mg/kg dry weight for Swiss chard, and lead, 0.84 +/- 0.404 mg/kg dry weight for strawberries, in their edible tissues. The subsequent introduction of raised beds with uncontaminated soil is described, which eliminated any detectable heavy metal or metalloid contamination in these crops during the monitoring period. Recommendations for facilitating the monitoring of edible tissues and for reducing risk are discussed, including introduction of raised beds and collaborations with local universities and research groups.
作者机构：
[Gao, Ying; Liu, Shuoran; Li, Yanpeng; Fornacca, Davide; Huang, Zhipang; Ren, Guopeng; Fang, Yihao; Fornacca, D; Xiao, W; Xiao, Wen] Dali Univ, Inst Eastern Himalaya Biodivers Res, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yanpeng; Fornacca, Davide; Fornacca, D; Xiao, W; Xiao, Wen] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biodivers Three Parallel R, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yanpeng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lixiang] Forestry Bur Yingjiang Cty, Dehong 679300, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Ying; Cui, Liangwei; Fang, Yihao] Southwest Forestry Univ, Fac Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fornacca, D; Xiao, W] D;[Fornacca, D; Xiao, W] C;[Fornacca, Davide] U;Dali Univ, Inst Eastern Himalaya Biodivers Res, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.;Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biodivers Three Parallel R, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.
关键词：
ecotourism;mass tourism;concept overuse;conservation;admittance system;sustainable development
摘要：
Ecotourism is considered to be an effective means of promoting nature conservation and sustainable development in less developed regions. However, its widespread adoption may be the result of a misunderstanding due to confusion about definitions and interpretations. Using web map browsers, we assessed the distribution pattern of ecotourism sites in both number and density in the 31 provinces of mainland China, and found that it positively correlated with gross domestic products (GDP) and population size, showing spatial dynamics similar to the general tourism model. However, negative-weak or no correlation at all was found with the presence and size of nature variables such as protected areas. These results support previous suspicions that the term ecotourism and its associated concept may be misused in China and that the regions that could benefit the most from this form of tourism have yet to properly develop it. Although this pattern could reflect a huge demand for genuine ecotourism, we recommend that China, to achieve its ambitious sustainable development goals, adapt ecotourism policies in its environmental and socio-cultural context, manage them with a trans-disciplinary expert board, and regulate its market by introducing a rigorous admittance system with continuous monitoring and evaluation.
摘要：
Landmark-guided navigation is a common behavioral strategy for way-finding, yet prior studies have not examined how animals collect sensory information to discriminate landmark features. We investigated this question in animals that rely on active sensing to guide navigation. Four echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were trained to use an acoustic landmark to find and navigate through a net opening for a food reward. In experimental trials, an object serving as a landmark was placed adjacent to a net opening and an object serving as a distractor was placed next to a barrier (covered opening). The location of the opening, barrier and objects were moved between trials, but the spatial relationships between the landmark and opening, and between the distractor and barrier were maintained. In probe trials, the landmark was placed next to a barrier, while the distractor was placed next to the opening, to test whether the bats relied on the landmark to guide navigation. Vocal and flight behaviors were recorded with an array of ultrasound microphones and high-speed infrared motion-capture cameras. All bats successfully learned to use the landmark to guide navigation through the net opening. Probe trials yielded an increase in both the time to complete the task and the number of net crashes, confirming that the bats relied largely on the landmark to find the net opening. Further, landmark acoustic distinctiveness influenced performance in probe trials and sonar inspection behaviors. Analyses of the animals' vocal behaviors also revealed differences between call features of bats inspecting landmarks compared with distractors, suggesting increased sonar attention to objects used to guide navigation.
期刊：
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,2018年72(3):1-8 ISSN：0340-5443
通讯作者：
Wang, Zhenyu;Yi, Xianfeng
作者机构：
[Li, Yuan; Wang, Zhenyu; Yi, Xianfeng; Zhang, Dongyuan] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hongmao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Xianfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, ZY; Yi, XF] J;[Yi, Xianfeng] C;Jiangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Recovery cycle;Inter-pulse interval;Doppler-shift compensation;Inferior collicular neuron;CF-FM bat
摘要：
The Doppler-shift compensation (DSC) behavior of constant frequency - frequency modulation (CF-FM) bat (Hipposideros pratti) is vital for extraction and analysis of echo information. This type of behavior affects the recovery cycles of sound-sensitive neurons, but their precise relationship remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of DSC on the recovery cycles of inferior collicular (IC) neurons in H. pratti. We simulated the pulse-echo pair in bats by changing the emitted pulse frequency and keeping the echo frequency constant during DSC in echolocation. The neuronal recovery cycles of IC neurons are categorized into four types: unrecovered, monotonic, single-peak, and multi-peak. The recovery cycle of IC neurons shortens after DSC; moreover, the amount of neurons with multi-peak recovery cycle increases and concentrates in the short recovery area. This paper also discusses the possible neural mechanisms and their biological relevance to different phases of bat predation behavior. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Lyubing; Li, Chunwang; Jiang, Zhigang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lyubing; Li, Chunwang; Jiang, Zhigang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Zhenhua] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Mallon, David] IUCN, SSC, Antelope Specialist Grp, Willaston, England.;[Mallon, David] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, Zhigang] 1;1 Beichen West Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
关键词：
China;Conservation;Effectiveness;Management;Protected area
摘要：
The past 40 years witnessed a boom of protected areas (PM) in China. To date, China has established 11 types of PM, whose conservation objectives vary from protecting biodiversity and geological features, preserving scenic landscapes and seascapes, to restoring and maintaining ecosystem services. Covering over 17% of the land and 3.5% of the marine territory of China, the PM have had beneficial effects on conservation in this country. However, the success of these PM is largely restricted by ecological gaps in PA structure, defects of the management system, and is also negatively influenced by local development and urbanization driven by a growing economy. To improve the conservation efficiency of China's PM, we suggest structural adjustment based on integrative research, practical strategies to alleviate administrative conflicts, increased engagement of local communities, transparent allocation of conservation funding, strengthened supervision and penalty mechanisms for destructive activities, and improved large-scale designation to coordinate demands of conservation and socioeconomic development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Yi, Xianfeng; Wang, Zhenyu] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, CN-330022 Nanchang, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zhibin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Inst Zool, CN-100101 Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hongmao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, CN-430079 Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yi, Xianfeng] J;Jiangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, CN-330022 Nanchang, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Scatter‐hoarding of seeds by animals plays an essential role in seed dispersal of plants and in shaping plant–animal interactions in forest ecosystems, but the function of scatter‐hoarding behavior is still unclear. We hypothesize that weak olfactory cues between seeds and scatter‐hoarding animals would increase scatter‐hoarding. Using a rodent–plant system of Siberian chipmunks Tamias sibiricus and Korean pines Pinus koraiensis, we tested the effects on seed scatter‐hoarding intensity by measuring and modifying the seed odor intensities and the abilities of the animals to detect seed odor. Siberian chipmunks seemed to scatter‐hoard more seeds with weaker odor signals, and Siberian chipmunks with reduced olfactory ability scatter‐hoarded more seeds, supporting our hypothesis. Our studies suggest that olfaction may have played an important role in the evolution of the strength of seed odor and scatter‐hoarding behavior of animals, and in shaping plant–animal interactions.
