期刊：
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology,2015年43(1):81-93 ISSN：2730-7166
通讯作者：
Zhang, Wei
作者机构：
[Zhang, Wei; Bao, Zhenzhou] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Dongping] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yanhui] Jiaying Univ, Sch Educ Sci, Meizhou, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 55 Zhongshan West Ave, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Wei] S;S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 55 Zhongshan West Ave, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
School climate;Delinquency;Effortful control;Deviant peer affiliation
摘要：
School climate is the quality and character of school life and reflects the norms, goals, values, interpersonal relationships, teaching and learning practices, and the organizational structure of a school. There is substantial literature documenting the negative association between positive school climate and adolescent delinquency, but little is known about the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine whether the direct and indirect pathways between school climate and adolescent delinquency would be moderated by effortful control. A sample of 2,758 Chinese adolescents (M age = 13.53 years, SD = 1.06) from 10 middle schools completed anonymous questionnaires regarding school climate, effortful control, deviant peer affiliation, and delinquency. After gender, age, geographical area, and socioeconomic status were included as covariates, the results revealed that school climate was significantly associated with adolescent delinquent behavior. This direct association was moderated by effortful control, such that the negative relationship between positive school climate and delinquency was only significant among adolescents low in effortful control. Moreover, the indirect association between school climate and delinquency via deviant peer affiliation was also moderated by effortful control. Specifically, the moderating effect of effortful control was not only manifested in the relationship between school climate and deviant peer affiliation, but also in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and delinquency. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms through which positive school climate might reduce delinquent behavior and have important implications for prevention efforts aimed at diminishing adolescent delinquency.
关键词：
Semantics;Phonology;Event-related potentials;Phonemes;Word recognition;Lexicons;Lexical decision tasks;Law and legal sciences
摘要：
ERPs were elicited to (1) words, (2) pseudowords derived from these words, and (3) nonwords with no lexical neighbors, in a task involving listening to immediately repeated auditory stimuli. There was a significant early (P200) effect of phonotactic probability in the first auditory presentation, which discriminated words and pseudowords from nonwords; and a significant somewhat later (N400) effect of lexicality, which discriminated words from pseudowords and nonwords. There was no reliable effect of lexicality in the ERPs to the second auditory presentation. We conclude that early sublexical phonological processing differed according to phonotactic probability of the stimuli, and that lexically-based redintegration occurred for words but did not occur for pseudowords or nonwords. Thus, in online word recognition and immediate retrieval, phonological and/or sublexical processing plays a more important role than lexical level redintegration.
关键词：
Suicide;Schools;Child abuse;Finance;Medical risk factors;Human families;Psychological stress;Chinese people
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Although the independent effects of childhood adversities and of recent negative events on suicidality have been well-documented, the combinative role of childhood and recent adversities on risk for suicidality is still underexplored, especially in the context of Chinese culture and in consideration of specific types of negative events. METHOD: 5989 students, randomly sampled from six universities in central China, completed the online survey for this study. Suicidal behavior, life adversity during childhood and stressful events in recent school life were assessed with designed questionnaires. RESULTS: Students experiencing recent stressful life events more often reported an experience of life adversity during childhood. While recent stressful life events and childhood life adversity both were associated with an increased risk for suicidal behavior, the two exposures presented conjunctively and acted interactively to increase the risk. There was noticeable variation of effects associated with specific childhood life adversities, and sexual abuse, poor parental relationship, divorce of parents and loss of a parent were among the adversities associated with the highest increased risk. Recent conflicts with classmates, poor school performance and rupture of romantic relationships were the recent school life stressors associated with the highest increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversity and recent school life stressors had a combinative role in predicting suicidality of young people studying in Chinese colleges. Unhappy family life during childhood and recent interpersonal conflicts in school were the most important predictors of suicidality in this population.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Xiaobin; Li, Qiong] Northwest Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.;[Eskine, Kendall J.] Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.;[Zuo, Bin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zuo, Bin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Perception;Face;Sensory perception;Analysis of variance;Normal distribution;Psychological attitudes;Sexual and gender issues;Statistical data
摘要：
The current studies extend perceptual symbol systems theory to the processing of gender categorization by revealing that gender categorization recruits perceptual simulations of spatial height and size dimensions. In study 1, categorization of male faces were faster when the faces were in the "up" (i.e., higher on the vertical axis) rather than the "down" (i.e., lower on the vertical axis) position and vice versa for female face categorization. Study 2 found that responses to male names depicted in larger font were faster than male names depicted in smaller font, whereas opposite response patterns were given for female names. Study 3 confirmed that the effect in Study 2 was not due to metaphoric relationships between gender and social power. Together, these findings suggest that representation of gender (social categorization) also involves processes of perceptual simulation.
作者机构：
[Wen, Fangfang; Wu, Yang; Sun, Shan; Zuo, Bin; Liu, Ke] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zuo, Bin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
关键词：
red effect;masculine;feminine;sexual attraction;perceived attractiveness
摘要：
Previous researchers have documented that the color red enhances one's sexual attraction to the opposite sex. The current study further examined the moderating role of sexual dimorphism in red effects. The results indicated that red enhanced men's sexual attraction to women with more feminine facial characteristics but had no effect on ratings of perceived general attractiveness. Red clothing also had a marginally significant effect on men's sexual attractiveness. In addition, regardless of sexual dimorphism cues, male participants rated women with red as warmer and more competent. The underlying mechanisms of the red effect, the limitations of the current study, and suggestions for future directions are discussed.
摘要：
Previous studies on the neural basis of insight reflected weak consistency except for the anterior cingulate cortex. The present work adopted the semantic and homophonic punny riddle to explore the uniformity and nonuniformity of neural activities correlated to different insight problem solving. Results showed that in the early period of insight solving, the semantic and homophonic punny riddles induced a common N350-500 over the central scalp. However, during -400 to 0 ms before the riddles were solved, the semantic punny riddles induced a positive event-related potential (ERP) deflection over the temporal cortex for retrieving the extensive semantic information, while the homophonic punny riddles induced a positive ERP deflection over the temporal cortex and a negative one in the left frontal cortex which might reflect the semantic and phonological information processing respectively. Our study indicated that different insight problem solving should have the same cognitive process of detecting cognitive conflicts, but have different ways to solve the conflicts. (C) 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The Chinese Wenchuan earthquake, which happened on the 28th of May in 2008, may leave deep invisible scars in individuals China has a large number of children and adolescents, who tend to be most vulnerable because they are in an early stage of human development and possible post-traumatic psychological distress may have a life-long consequence. Trauma survivors without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have received little attention in previous studies, especially in event-related potential (ERP) studies. We compared the attention bias to threat stimuli between the earthquake-exposed group and the control group in a masked version of the dot probe task. The target probe presented at the same space location consistent with earthquake-related words was the congruent trial, while in the space location of neutral words was the incongruent trial. Thirteen earthquake-exposed middle school students without PTSD and 13 matched controls were included in this investigation. The earthquake-exposed group showed significantly faster RTs to congruent trials than to incongruent trials. The earthquake-exposed group produced significantly shorter Cl and P1 latencies and larger Cl, P1 and P2 amplitudes than. the control group. In particular, enhanced P1 amplitude to threat stimuli was observed in the earthquake-exposed group. These findings are in agreement with the prediction that earthquake-exposed survivors have an attention bias to threat stimuli. The traumatic event had a much greater effect on earthquake-exposed survivors even if they showed no PTSD symptoms than individuals in the controls. These results will provide neurobiological evidences for effective intervention and prevention to post-traumatic mental problems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Verbal insight problem solving means to break mental sets, to select the novel semantic information and to form novel, task-related associations. Although previous studies have identified the brain regions associated with these key processes, the interaction among these regions during insight is still unclear. In the present study, we explored the functional connectivity between the key regions during solving Chinese 'chengyu' riddles by using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed that both insight and noninsight solutions activated the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, middle temporal gyri and hippocampi, and these regions constituted a frontal to temporal to hippocampal neural pathway. Compared with noninsight solution, insight solution had a stronger functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere. Our study reveals the neural pathway of information processing during verbal insight problem solving, and supports the right-hemisphere advantage theory of insight.
作者机构：
[Yang, Li-jian; Bao, Chun; Cao, Wei; Li, An-bang; Zhan, Xuan; Pei, Qi-ming; Rozi, Anvar] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Li-jian; Bao, Chun; Cao, Wei; Li, An-bang; Zhan, Xuan; Pei, Qi-ming; Rozi, Anvar] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Biophys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Pei, Qi-ming] Yangtze Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Jinzhou 434023, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Wei] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Rozi, Anvar] Kashgar Teachers Coll, Dept Phys, Kashgar 844007, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jia, Ya] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The number of stem cells in a colonic crypt is often very small, which leads to large intrinsic fluctuations in the cell population. Based on the model of cell population dynamics with linear feedback in a colonic crypt, we present a stochastic dynamics of the cell population [including stem cells (SCs), transit amplifying cells (TACs), and fully differentiated cells (FDCs)]. The Fano factor, covariance, and susceptibility formulas of the cell population around the steady state are derived by using the Langevin theory. In the range of physiologically reasonable parameter values, it is found that the stationary populations of TACs and FDCs exhibit an approximately threshold behavior as a function of the net growth rate of TACs, and the reproductions of TACs and FDCs can be classified into three regimens: controlled, crossover, and uncontrolled. With the increasing of the net growth rate of TACs, there is a maximum of the relative intrinsic fluctuations (i.e., the Fano factors) of TACs and FDCs in the crossover region. For a fixed differentiation rate and the net growth rate of SCs, the covariance of fluctuations between SCs and TACs has a maximum in the crossover region. However, the susceptibilities of both TACs and FDCs to the net growth rate of TACs have a minimum in the crossover region.
摘要：
The effects of alcohol on pre-attentive processing have been well studied in the past decades. However, the majority of studies focus on pre-attentive auditory processing and only a few studies have examined the effects of alcohol on visual processing. This study investigates the effects of alcohol on automatic pre-attentive processing of visual changes in colour, location and duration. We compared the mean amplitudes and the amplitude decline ratios of visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) responses elicited for small and large changes in image colour, location and duration in 12 individuals under the influence of alcohol and in a placebo condition. The vMMN amplitudes for changes in location and duration significantly decreased in the alcohol condition as compared with the placebo condition, and the magnitude of decrease was not related to the magnitude of change in the deviant stimuli. However, the amplitude of colour vMMN, in the alcohol condition, did not change significantly compared to the placebo condition. These results show that pre-attentive visual processing is impaired by alcohol, and that this impairment may be feature-specific. In addition, this impairment was not related to the magnitude of stimuli change.
关键词：
Friendship quality;Loneliness;Proximity prestige;Self-perceived social competence;Social preference
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to test an integrative model in which peer relations at different levels of social complexity (friendship quality, social preference, and proximity prestige) are associated with children's loneliness, with children's self-perceived social competence acting as a mediator of these associations. A middle childhood sample of 509 Chinese children (233 girls and 276 boys; 3rd to 6th grade) completed a battery of sociometric and self-report questionnaires. Bootstrap analysis showed that self-perceived social competence mediated the relations between each peer variable and loneliness. In the integrative model tested with SEM, the mediating effect of self-perceived social competence in the relation between friendship quality and loneliness and between social preference and loneliness remained significant. However, self-perceived social competence no longer mediated the association between proximity prestige and loneliness, when considering the simultaneous influences of the three peer variables (friendship quality, social preference, and proximity prestige). The whole model accounted for 56% of the variance in loneliness. These findings suggest that self-perceived social competence played an important role in children's loneliness, that the quality and the quantity of direct peer relations (friendship quality, social preference, and part of proximity prestige) were associated with loneliness, and that indirect friends had a relatively lower but significant influence on children's loneliness. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for preventing children's loneliness.
关键词：
Vision;Working memory;Attention;Eye movements;Cognition;Perception;Psychophysics;Visual system
摘要：
A fundamental ability for humans is to monitor and process multiple temporal events that occur at different spatial locations simultaneously. A great number of studies have demonstrated simultaneous temporal processing (STP) in human and animal participants, i.e., multiple 'clocks' rather than a single 'clock'. However, to date, we still have no knowledge about the exact limitation of the STP in vision. Here we provide the first experimental measurement to this critical parameter in human vision by using two novel and complementary paradigms. The first paradigm combines merits of a temporal oddball-detection task and a capacity measurement widely used in the studies of visual working memory to quantify the capacity of STP (CSTP). The second paradigm uses a two-interval temporal comparison task with various encoded spatial locations involved in the standard temporal intervals to rule out an alternative, 'object individuation'-based, account of CSTP, which is measured by the first paradigm. Our results of both paradigms indicate consistently that the capacity limit of simultaneous temporal processing in vision is around 3 to 4 spatial locations. Moreover, the binding of the 'local clock' and its specific location is undermined by bottom-up competition of spatial attention, indicating that the time-space binding is resource-consuming. Our finding that the capacity of STP is not constrained by the capacity of visual working memory (VWM) supports the idea that the representations of STP are likely stored and operated in units different from those of VWM. A second paradigm confirms further that the limited number of location-bound 'local clocks' are activated and maintained during a time window of several hundreds milliseconds.
作者机构：
[Chen, Pin-Ru; Yao, Yuan-Wei] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Chang] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Govt, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ling-Jiao; Xue, Gui; Fang, Xiao-Yi; Zhang, Jin-Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ling-Jiao; Xue, Gui; Fang, Xiao-Yi; Zhang, Jin-Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Gui; Zhang, Jin-Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, Ctr Collaborat & Innovat Brain & Learning Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Jin-Tao] B;Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, 19 Xinjiekou Wai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Decision-making;Feedback processing;Game of Dice Task;Internet gaming addiction
摘要：
Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is an increasing mental health issue worldwide. Previous studies have revealed decision-making impairments in excessive Internet gamers (EIGs) with high symptoms of IGA. However, the role of feedback processing in decision-making deficits among EIGs remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of feedback processing on decision-making deficits under risk among EIGs, using the Game of Dice Task (GDT) and a modified version of the GDT in which no feedback was provided. Twenty-six EIGs and 26 matched occasional Internet garners (OIGs) were recruited. The results showed: (a) OIGs performed better on the original GDT than on the modified GDT (no feedback condition); however, EIGs performed similarly on both tasks; (b) EIGs and OIGs performed equally on the modified GDT; however, EIGs chose more disadvantageous options than OIGs on the original GDT; (c) EIGs utilized feedback less frequently on the original GDT relative to OIGs. These results suggest that EIGs are not able to utilize feedback to optimize their decisions, which could underlie their poor decision-making under risk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Health & safety < HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT;Public health < INFECTIOUS DISEASES;Suicide & self-harm < PSYCHIATRY
摘要：
Objectives: To examine predictive power of psychache and life satisfaction on risks for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among young people. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Data were collected from an online survey in Wuhan, China. Participants: 5988 university students from six universities were selected by a stratified cluster sampling method. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt at some point of the students' lifetime were the outcomes of interest. Results: Students with suicidal ideation or attempted suicide reported a lower level of life satisfaction and high degree of psychache than counterparts without suicidal ideation or attempt. Regression analyses indicated that life satisfaction and psychache were significantly associated with the risk of suicidal ideation and the risk of suicidal attempt. Though psychache showed a relatively stronger predictive power than life satisfaction, the effect of the two factors remained significant when they were individually adjusted for personal demographic characteristics. However, when the two factors were included in the model simultaneously to adjust for each other, psychache could fully explain the association between life satisfaction and suicidal attempt. Life satisfaction remained to contribute unique variance in the statistical prediction of suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Psychache and life satisfaction both have a significant predictive power on risk for suicidal behaviour, and life satisfaction could relieve the predictive power of psychache when suicidal behaviour is just starting. Shneidman's theory that psychache is the pre-eminent psychological cause of suicide is perhaps applicable only to a more serious form of suicidal behaviour.
摘要：
Studies have shown that alcohol could impair automatic pre-attentive change detection. However, several earlier studies which investigated alcohol-induced effects on single auditory feature independently were different from each other on the results. Meanwhile, only few auditory features have been investigated yet. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate effects of alcohol on multiple auditory features in one experiment. This study investigates the effects of alcohol on automatic pre-attentive change detection of four kinds of auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration) in one experiment. This study, using multi-feature oddball paradigm, compares and analyzes mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by four kinds of auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration), of 12 participants, under alcohol (0.65 g/kg) and non-alcohol condition. Compared to non-alcohol condition, amplitudes of all the four MMN types significantly declined under alcohol condition, and their amplitude decline ratios decreased as deviant magnitude became larger. Latencies of frequency and intensity MMN were delayed while latencies of location and duration MMN were not delayed significantly. Alcohol impaired automatic pre-attentive change detection of all the four auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration). However, the alcohol-induced impairment magnitude on automatic pre-attentive detection of the four auditory features was different from each other. According to analysis of amplitude, frequency seems to be affected most among the four auditory features. According to analysis of latency, only frequency and intensity were affected.
摘要：
This study aimed to test the construct validity of the newly developed Chinese version of the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) in two separate female samples from Chinese universities (n(1) = 171; n(2) = 158). The RRS is the most widely used measure of restricted eating for the purpose of achieving or maintaining a desired weight. Results showed that the 10-item Chinese RRS comprised of two subscales of concern dieting (CD) and weight fluctuation (WF), which together accounted for 53.01% of the total variance. Confirmative factor analysis supported this two-factor model as an acceptable model (chi(2)/df = 1.545, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.059, GFI = 0.938, and CFI = 0.935). Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.77 for RRS, 0.71 for CD and 0.66 for WF. Significant correlations were shown between RRS and its subscales (r(RRS-CD) = 0.894, p < 0.01; r(RRS-WF) = 0.850, p < 0.01; r(CD-WF) = 0.523, p < 0.01). Moreover, RS significantly correlated with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R (TFEQ-R), the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-R (DEBQ-R), the Fatness Concern (FC) and the body measure index (BMI) (r = 0.548, p < 0.01; r = 0.631, p < 0.01; r = 0.620, p < 0.01; r = 0.351, p < 0.01, respectively). In sum, the RS has stable factor structure, acceptable internal consistency and satisfactory convergent reliability among female Chinese college students. The adapted scale may serve as a useful tool for identifying restrained and unrestrained eaters among Chinese women and may be particularly useful in assessing eating restraint before and after prevention and intervention programs. Crown Copyright (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Hippocampus;Problem solving;Amygdala;Functional magnetic resonance imaging;Semantics;Cingulate cortex;Neural networks;Reaction time
摘要：
The key components of insight include breaking mental sets and forming the novel, task-related associations. The majority of researchers have agreed that the anterior cingulate cortex may mediate processes of breaking one's mental set, while the exact neural correlates of forming novel associations are still debatable. In the present study, we used a paradigm of answer selection to explore brain activations of insight by using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during solving Chinese 'chengyu' (in Chinese pinyin) riddles. Based on the participant's choice, the trials were classified into the insight and non-insight conditions. Both stimulus-locked and response-locked analyses are conducted to detect the neural activity corresponding to the early and late periods of insight solution, respectively. Our data indicate that the early period of insight solution shows more activation in the middle temporal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortex. These activities might be associated to the extensive semantic processing, as well as detecting and resolving cognitive conflicts. In contrast, the late period of insight solution produced increased activities in the hippocampus and the amygdala, possibly reflecting the forming of novel association and the concomitant "Aha" feeling. Our study supports the key role of hippocampus in forming novel associations, and indicates a dynamic neural network during insight solution.
作者机构：
[Yang, Lijian; Bao, Chun; Ma, Chengzhang; Li, Anbang; Meng, Yan; Liu, Wangheng; Xuan, Zhan] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Biophys, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Lijian; Bao, Chun; Ma, Chengzhang; Li, Anbang; Meng, Yan; Liu, Wangheng; Xuan, Zhan] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Bao, Chun; Shan, Ge] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shan, Ge] U;Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cell cycle and cell division;Network motifs;Breast cancer;MicroRNAs;Regulatory networks;Gene regulatory networks;Cancers and neoplasms;Lung and intrathoracic tumors
摘要：
Based on interactions among transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor suppressors and microRNAs, a Boolean model of cancer network regulated by miR-17-92 cluster is constructed, and the network is associated with the control of G1/S transition in the mammalian cell cycle. The robustness properties of this regulatory network are investigated by virtue of the Boolean network theory. It is found that, during G1/S transition in the cell cycle process, the regulatory networks are robustly constructed, and the robustness property is largely preserved with respect to small perturbations to the network. By using the unique process-based approach, the structure of this network is analyzed. It is shown that the network can be decomposed into a backbone motif which provides the main biological functions, and a remaining motif which makes the regulatory system more stable. The critical role of miR-17-92 in suppressing the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and increasing the uncontrolled proliferation of the cancer cells by targeting a genetic network of interacting proteins is displayed with our model.
