摘要：
This study examined the associations between adolescents' perceived relationships with their parents, perceived parental online behaviors, and Pathological Internet Use (PIU) among adolescents. Additional testing was carried out to determine the effect of different genders (parent and adolescent). Cross-sectional data was collected from 4,559 students aged 12 to 21 years in the cities of Beijing and Jinan, People's Republic of China. Participants responded to an anonymous questionnaire concerning their Internet use behavior, perceived parental Internet use behaviors, and perceived parent-adolescent relationship. Hierarchical linear regressions controlling for adolescents' age were conducted. Results showed different effects of parent and adolescent gender on perceived parent-adolescent relationship and parent Internet use behavior, as well as some other gender-specific associations. Perceived father-adolescent relationship was the most protective factor against adolescent PIU with perceived maternal Internet use positively predicting PIU for both male and female adolescents. However, perceived paternal Internet use behaviors positively predicted only female adolescent PIU. Results indicated a different effect pathway for fathers and mothers on boys and girls, leading to discussion of the implications for prevention and intervention.
摘要：
Panum's limiting case generally refers to the phenomenon that two features presented to one eye and a single feature presented to the other are combined and then perceived as two features at different depths. It is still not clear why experimental results derived from the Panum-type configuration (all lines parallel) support a double fusion viewpoint, but they do not for the Wheatstone-type configuration (one line not parallel to the others). Some experimental results support the double fusion theory, while others do not, even under a small disparity. Here we report that, under a small disparity, when the vertical gradients of the horizontal disparity of dichoptic feature pairs in previous Wheatstone-type configurations were increased or decreased, the evidence which was considered to be very convincing in previous studies, either supporting or against the double fusion viewpoint, was challenged, and even turned to support the opposite view. Moreover, it was discovered that changes in the way features were arranged altered the results. Together, these results indicate that double fusion is the common basis for all kinds of Panum-type configurations. But for the Wheatstone-type configurations double fusion is also constrained by the vertical gradient of disparity of the configurations in addition to disparity and influenced by the degree of similarity/conflict between binocular cues and monocular cues resulting from different arrangements of features.
期刊：
International Nursing Review,2011年58(1):138-144 ISSN：0020-8132
通讯作者：
Zhou, Z. K.
作者机构：
[Cai, C. F.] Wuhan Univ, Hope Sch Nursing, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Z. K.] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yeh, H.] Univ Memphis, Coll Educ, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.;[Hu, J.] Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, Z. K.] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
China;Internal Work Motivation;Job Characteristics;Job Satisfaction;Nursing;Personal Growth;Structural Empowerment
摘要：
Cai C.F., Zhou Z.K., Yeh H. & Hu J. (2011) Empowerment and its effects on clinical nurses in central China. International Nursing Review58, 138–144 Background: Chinese healthcare institutions have undergone constant changes in recent years. A large number of research studies conducted on work-related factors revealed that nurses in China experienced a low level of job satisfaction and a high level of turnover intention. Empowerment is one of the most important concepts in nursing and is most relevant to the study of nursing professionals' job-related outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to test the Job Characteristics Model and the mediating role of structural empowerment on the relationships between the job characteristics and work-related outcomes among clinical nurses from central China. Methods: Three self-reported questionnaires were administered to a sample of 238 clinical nurses from two hospitals in central China. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions. Findings: Correlations were significant between job characteristics and job-related outcomes, and the estimated model on the effect of empowerment reduced the unique contribution of job characteristics on internal work motivation (from 17.2% to 13.0%) and general job satisfaction (from13.4% to 10.1%), and eliminated the unique contribution of job characteristics on growth satisfaction (from 18.4% to 0%). Conclusions: The results supported the Job Characteristics Model in a nursing sample and empowerment mediated the impact of job characteristics on internal work motivation and general job satisfaction partially and on growth satisfaction completely.
关键词：
health locus of control;health-related quality of life;lung cancer;social support
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to explore the level and predictors of the health-related quality of life among patients who were newly diagnosed with lung cancer in China. A descriptive survey design was used to collect the data from 108 patients. The relationships among the variables were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results indicated that the patients in this sample had a poor quality of life in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Their age, annual family income, social support, and three dimensions of the health locus of control (internal, external, and chance) correlated significantly with the global quality of life. The stepwise multiple regressions showed that only the internal locus of control was statistically significant in predicting the patients' quality of life. The results suggest that healthcare professionals should pay particular attention to demographic characteristics, such as age and family income, and personal characteristics, such as the health locus of control and social support, when treating this patient group.
作者：
Spina, Roy R.*;Ji, Li-Jun;Guo, Tieyuan;Zhang, Zhiyong;Li, Ye;...
期刊：
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2010年36(5):583-597 ISSN：0146-1672
通讯作者：
Spina, Roy R.
作者机构：
[Fabrigar, Leandre; Ji, Li-Jun; Spina, Roy R.; Guo, Tieyuan] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada.;[Zhang, Zhiyong] Beijing Univ, Dept Psychol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.;[Li, Ye] Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.;[Spina, Roy R.] Birmingham City Univ, Div Psychol, Birmingham B42 2SU, W Midlands, England.
通讯机构：
[Spina, Roy R.] B;Birmingham City Univ, Div Psychol, Birmingham B42 2SU, W Midlands, England.
关键词：
heuristics;representativeness;holism;attribution;culture and cognition
摘要：
Based on previous research on cultural differences in analytic and holistic reasoning, it was hypothesized in these studies that when explaining events, North Americans would be more likely than East Asians to expect causes to correspond in magnitude with those events (i.e., big events stem from big causes and small events stem from small causes). In a series of studies, Canadian and Chinese participants judged the likelihood that high- or low-magnitude events were caused by high- or low-magnitude causes. Overall, Canadians expected events and their causes to correspond in magnitude to a greater degree than did Chinese. Also, Canadians primed to reason holistically expected less cause-effect magnitude correspondence than did those primed to reason analytically.
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of workplace structural empowerment perceived by Chinese clinical nurses, as well as to identify the relationship between nurses' perceptions of empowerment and job satisfaction, and turnover intention. A total of 189 staff nurses from two hospitals in central China completed a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that these nurses perceived moderate levels of workplace empowerment. Structural empowerment and job satisfaction were found to be negatively related to turnover intention. These findings have important implications for administrators providing an effective work environment for clinical nurses.
摘要：
The current study investigated whether chronic cerebral hypoperfusion produced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-vessel occlusion (2-VO)) induced cognitive impairment and whether angelica injections alleviated the impairment. Furthermore, the study examined whether 2-VO altered the expression patterns of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the hippocampus of rats and whether angelica injections attenuated the alteration. Rats were divided into four groups to receive either 2-VO surgery or sham surgery followed by either angelica injections or saline injections for eight weeks. Spatial learning in Morris water maze and the expression patterns of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus of all rats were examined. The results showed that 2-VO significantly impaired spatial learning and memory, and angelica injections significantly reversed the learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, 2-VO resulted in significantly decreased BDNF protein, NGF protein, and NGF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Angelica injections significantly attenuated the decreased expression. Moreover, spatial learning in Morris water maze was positively correlated to the expression of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus. Thus, angelica injections might alleviate cognitive impairment during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through BDNF and NGF.
作者：
Robert Cohen;Yeh Hsueh;Zongkui Zhou;Miriam H. Hancock;Randy Floyd
期刊：
New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development,2006年2006(114):53-65 ISSN：1520-3247
通讯作者：
Cohen, R.
作者机构：
[Robert Cohen] Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Tennessee, USA
摘要：
Children's peer relations are critical for social adjustment and respect plays an important role in peer relations. Furthermore, children's understanding and expression of respect is related to culture. This chapter discusses the interplay of culture, peer social competence, and respect.
作者机构：
CCAST, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Jia, Y] CCAST, World Lab, POB 8730, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jia, Y] C;CCAST, World Lab, POB 8730, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Based on a reduced circadian oscillator model in Drosophila [Smolen et al., Biophys. J. 83, 2349 (2002)], the effects of light noise and time delay on a circadian oscillator near a Hopf bifurcation are studied by using numerical computation. When the light-controlled parameter is suprathreshold, it was found that the circadian oscillations can be induced by light fluctuation. There is an optimal light noise intensity at which a remarkable coherent circadian oscillation is observed, which implies a significant resonance phenomenon in the sense of preferred biological circadian oscillations. Time delay can control the coherence of noise-induced circadian oscillations and the strength of coherent resonance achieves a maximum under a moderate time delay.
作者机构：
[Liu, Q] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;CCAST, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Q] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Based on the kinetic model of genetic regulation system proposed by Smolen et al. [ Am. J. Physiol. 274 , c531 (1998)], the effects of fluctuations in the degradation reaction rate and the synthesis reaction rate of the transcription factor have been investigated through numerical computation and analysis theory. In the case of uncorrelated noises, it is shown that only the fluctuation of degradation reaction rate can induce a switch process, and the mean first passage time (MFPT) from the high concentration state to the low concentration one is decreased when the noise intensity of degradation reaction rate is increased. In the case of correlations between noises, a switch process can also be induced by the cross-correlation intensity between noises and by the fluctuation of the synthesis reaction rate in the genetic regulatory system. It is found that, under large cross-correlation intensity, a successive switch process (i.e., “on” → “off” → “on,” which we call the reentrance transition or twice switch ) occurs with an increase of noise intensities, and a critical noise intensity exists at which the MFPT of the switch process is the largest. While the system is initially in the high concentration state with an increase of the cross correlation, the stationary probability distribution (SPD) of the transcription factor activator monomer concentration at the low concentration state is increased, yet the MFPT is increased due to the decreasing of the SPD of the transient states between the two steady stable states.
