摘要：
This study examines the electrophysiological correlates of beauty evaluation when participants performed the self-reference task. About 13 (7 men, 6 women) undergraduates participated in the experiment using event-related potentials. Results showed that the response to self-relevant information was faster compared to other-relevant information and no significant differences for self-relevant relative to mother-relevant information were observed. Both physical and interior beauty words for self-relevant information showed an enhanced late positive component as compared to other-relevant information. Physical beauty for self-relevant information yielded a larger late positive component in contrast to mother-relevant information but not for interior beauty. This study indicates that beauty is specific to the person who judges it though an individual and one's mother may hold similar views of interior beauty.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Wei; Sun, Wenqiang; Bao, Zhenzhou] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei; Sun, Wenqiang; Bao, Zhenzhou] S China Normal Univ, Ctr Studies Psychol Applicat, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Dongping] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yanhui] Jiaying Univ, Sch Educ Sci, Meizhou, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Wei] S;S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In the current study, we examined a moderated mediation model using the risk and resilience framework. Specifically, the impact of family material hardship on adolescent problem behaviors was examined in a Chinese sample; we used the family stress model framework to investigate parental depression and negative parenting as potential mediators of the relation between family material hardship and adolescents' problem behaviors. In addition, based on resilience theory, we investigated adolescents' resilience as a potential protective factor in the development of their internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants included 1,419 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 15.38 years, SD = 1.79) and their primary caregivers. After controlling for covariates (age, gender, location of family residence, and primary caregiver), we found that parental depression and negative parenting mediated the association between family material hardship and adolescents' problem behaviors. Furthermore, the adolescent resilience moderated the relationship between negative parenting and internalizing problems in a protective-stabilizing pattern; in addition, a protective-reactive pattern also emerged when adolescent resilience was examined as a moderator of the relationship between negative parenting and externalizing problems. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of risk and resilience in youth development. Moreover, the findings have important implications for the prevention of adolescent problem behaviors.
期刊：
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology,2015年43(1):81-93 ISSN：2730-7166
通讯作者：
Zhang, Wei
作者机构：
[Zhang, Wei; Bao, Zhenzhou] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Dongping] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yanhui] Jiaying Univ, Sch Educ Sci, Meizhou, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei] S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 55 Zhongshan West Ave, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Wei] S;S China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 55 Zhongshan West Ave, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
School climate;Delinquency;Effortful control;Deviant peer affiliation
摘要：
School climate is the quality and character of school life and reflects the norms, goals, values, interpersonal relationships, teaching and learning practices, and the organizational structure of a school. There is substantial literature documenting the negative association between positive school climate and adolescent delinquency, but little is known about the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine whether the direct and indirect pathways between school climate and adolescent delinquency would be moderated by effortful control. A sample of 2,758 Chinese adolescents (M age = 13.53 years, SD = 1.06) from 10 middle schools completed anonymous questionnaires regarding school climate, effortful control, deviant peer affiliation, and delinquency. After gender, age, geographical area, and socioeconomic status were included as covariates, the results revealed that school climate was significantly associated with adolescent delinquent behavior. This direct association was moderated by effortful control, such that the negative relationship between positive school climate and delinquency was only significant among adolescents low in effortful control. Moreover, the indirect association between school climate and delinquency via deviant peer affiliation was also moderated by effortful control. Specifically, the moderating effect of effortful control was not only manifested in the relationship between school climate and deviant peer affiliation, but also in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and delinquency. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms through which positive school climate might reduce delinquent behavior and have important implications for prevention efforts aimed at diminishing adolescent delinquency.
关键词：
Semantics;Phonology;Event-related potentials;Phonemes;Word recognition;Lexicons;Lexical decision tasks;Law and legal sciences
摘要：
ERPs were elicited to (1) words, (2) pseudowords derived from these words, and (3) nonwords with no lexical neighbors, in a task involving listening to immediately repeated auditory stimuli. There was a significant early (P200) effect of phonotactic probability in the first auditory presentation, which discriminated words and pseudowords from nonwords; and a significant somewhat later (N400) effect of lexicality, which discriminated words from pseudowords and nonwords. There was no reliable effect of lexicality in the ERPs to the second auditory presentation. We conclude that early sublexical phonological processing differed according to phonotactic probability of the stimuli, and that lexically-based redintegration occurred for words but did not occur for pseudowords or nonwords. Thus, in online word recognition and immediate retrieval, phonological and/or sublexical processing plays a more important role than lexical level redintegration.
摘要：
This study examines the influence of personality manipulations on female facial attractiveness ratings. One hundred and twenty participants (60 males and 60 females) were randomly divided into three groups (40 per group). Prior to the experiment, all participants rated 60 facial stimuli on attractiveness. After two weeks, the participants again rated the same facial stimuli on attractiveness, when they were presented with positive, negative, or no personality information. Results showed no significant difference in attractiveness scores among the three groups during the first rating. However, during the second rating, a significant effect for each group as well as a significant interaction between attractiveness and the group were found, with the attractiveness scores of all three groups differing significantly for the faces with high, medium, and low attractiveness (positive information group > no information group > negative information group, all p < 0.05). We find that "what is good is beautiful," with personality reflecting desired traits as facial attractiveness. This phenomenon can also be called the "halo effect." We can thus presume that personality traits may contribute to judging facial attractiveness and that the personality traits desired in a person are reflected in facial preference. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Suicide;Schools;Child abuse;Finance;Medical risk factors;Human families;Psychological stress;Chinese people
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Although the independent effects of childhood adversities and of recent negative events on suicidality have been well-documented, the combinative role of childhood and recent adversities on risk for suicidality is still underexplored, especially in the context of Chinese culture and in consideration of specific types of negative events. METHOD: 5989 students, randomly sampled from six universities in central China, completed the online survey for this study. Suicidal behavior, life adversity during childhood and stressful events in recent school life were assessed with designed questionnaires. RESULTS: Students experiencing recent stressful life events more often reported an experience of life adversity during childhood. While recent stressful life events and childhood life adversity both were associated with an increased risk for suicidal behavior, the two exposures presented conjunctively and acted interactively to increase the risk. There was noticeable variation of effects associated with specific childhood life adversities, and sexual abuse, poor parental relationship, divorce of parents and loss of a parent were among the adversities associated with the highest increased risk. Recent conflicts with classmates, poor school performance and rupture of romantic relationships were the recent school life stressors associated with the highest increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversity and recent school life stressors had a combinative role in predicting suicidality of young people studying in Chinese colleges. Unhappy family life during childhood and recent interpersonal conflicts in school were the most important predictors of suicidality in this population.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Xiaobin; Li, Qiong] Northwest Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.;[Eskine, Kendall J.] Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.;[Zuo, Bin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zuo, Bin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Perception;Face;Sensory perception;Analysis of variance;Normal distribution;Psychological attitudes;Sexual and gender issues;Statistical data
摘要：
The current studies extend perceptual symbol systems theory to the processing of gender categorization by revealing that gender categorization recruits perceptual simulations of spatial height and size dimensions. In study 1, categorization of male faces were faster when the faces were in the "up" (i.e., higher on the vertical axis) rather than the "down" (i.e., lower on the vertical axis) position and vice versa for female face categorization. Study 2 found that responses to male names depicted in larger font were faster than male names depicted in smaller font, whereas opposite response patterns were given for female names. Study 3 confirmed that the effect in Study 2 was not due to metaphoric relationships between gender and social power. Together, these findings suggest that representation of gender (social categorization) also involves processes of perceptual simulation.
摘要：
A growing body of empirical evidence has shown that although social support (SS) can predict subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between SS and SWB is still unclear. In this study we investigated the role that positive psychological capital (PPC) plays in the relationship between SS and SWB. The results showed that PPC, SS, and SWB were positively related. The more important result, however, was that PPC mediated the relationship between SS and SWB. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of PPC for SWB. Limitations in this study and implications for future research are identified.
作者机构：
[Wen, Fangfang; Wu, Yang; Sun, Shan; Zuo, Bin; Liu, Ke] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zuo, Bin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
关键词：
red effect;masculine;feminine;sexual attraction;perceived attractiveness
摘要：
Previous researchers have documented that the color red enhances one's sexual attraction to the opposite sex. The current study further examined the moderating role of sexual dimorphism in red effects. The results indicated that red enhanced men's sexual attraction to women with more feminine facial characteristics but had no effect on ratings of perceived general attractiveness. Red clothing also had a marginally significant effect on men's sexual attractiveness. In addition, regardless of sexual dimorphism cues, male participants rated women with red as warmer and more competent. The underlying mechanisms of the red effect, the limitations of the current study, and suggestions for future directions are discussed.
摘要：
The Chinese Wenchuan earthquake, which happened on the 28th of May in 2008, may leave deep invisible scars in individuals China has a large number of children and adolescents, who tend to be most vulnerable because they are in an early stage of human development and possible post-traumatic psychological distress may have a life-long consequence. Trauma survivors without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have received little attention in previous studies, especially in event-related potential (ERP) studies. We compared the attention bias to threat stimuli between the earthquake-exposed group and the control group in a masked version of the dot probe task. The target probe presented at the same space location consistent with earthquake-related words was the congruent trial, while in the space location of neutral words was the incongruent trial. Thirteen earthquake-exposed middle school students without PTSD and 13 matched controls were included in this investigation. The earthquake-exposed group showed significantly faster RTs to congruent trials than to incongruent trials. The earthquake-exposed group produced significantly shorter Cl and P1 latencies and larger Cl, P1 and P2 amplitudes than. the control group. In particular, enhanced P1 amplitude to threat stimuli was observed in the earthquake-exposed group. These findings are in agreement with the prediction that earthquake-exposed survivors have an attention bias to threat stimuli. The traumatic event had a much greater effect on earthquake-exposed survivors even if they showed no PTSD symptoms than individuals in the controls. These results will provide neurobiological evidences for effective intervention and prevention to post-traumatic mental problems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Friendship quality;Loneliness;Proximity prestige;Self-perceived social competence;Social preference
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to test an integrative model in which peer relations at different levels of social complexity (friendship quality, social preference, and proximity prestige) are associated with children's loneliness, with children's self-perceived social competence acting as a mediator of these associations. A middle childhood sample of 509 Chinese children (233 girls and 276 boys; 3rd to 6th grade) completed a battery of sociometric and self-report questionnaires. Bootstrap analysis showed that self-perceived social competence mediated the relations between each peer variable and loneliness. In the integrative model tested with SEM, the mediating effect of self-perceived social competence in the relation between friendship quality and loneliness and between social preference and loneliness remained significant. However, self-perceived social competence no longer mediated the association between proximity prestige and loneliness, when considering the simultaneous influences of the three peer variables (friendship quality, social preference, and proximity prestige). The whole model accounted for 56% of the variance in loneliness. These findings suggest that self-perceived social competence played an important role in children's loneliness, that the quality and the quantity of direct peer relations (friendship quality, social preference, and part of proximity prestige) were associated with loneliness, and that indirect friends had a relatively lower but significant influence on children's loneliness. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for preventing children's loneliness.
关键词：
Vision;Working memory;Attention;Eye movements;Cognition;Perception;Psychophysics;Visual system
摘要：
A fundamental ability for humans is to monitor and process multiple temporal events that occur at different spatial locations simultaneously. A great number of studies have demonstrated simultaneous temporal processing (STP) in human and animal participants, i.e., multiple 'clocks' rather than a single 'clock'. However, to date, we still have no knowledge about the exact limitation of the STP in vision. Here we provide the first experimental measurement to this critical parameter in human vision by using two novel and complementary paradigms. The first paradigm combines merits of a temporal oddball-detection task and a capacity measurement widely used in the studies of visual working memory to quantify the capacity of STP (CSTP). The second paradigm uses a two-interval temporal comparison task with various encoded spatial locations involved in the standard temporal intervals to rule out an alternative, 'object individuation'-based, account of CSTP, which is measured by the first paradigm. Our results of both paradigms indicate consistently that the capacity limit of simultaneous temporal processing in vision is around 3 to 4 spatial locations. Moreover, the binding of the 'local clock' and its specific location is undermined by bottom-up competition of spatial attention, indicating that the time-space binding is resource-consuming. Our finding that the capacity of STP is not constrained by the capacity of visual working memory (VWM) supports the idea that the representations of STP are likely stored and operated in units different from those of VWM. A second paradigm confirms further that the limited number of location-bound 'local clocks' are activated and maintained during a time window of several hundreds milliseconds.
作者机构：
[Chen, Pin-Ru; Yao, Yuan-Wei] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Chang] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Govt, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ling-Jiao; Xue, Gui; Fang, Xiao-Yi; Zhang, Jin-Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ling-Jiao; Xue, Gui; Fang, Xiao-Yi; Zhang, Jin-Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Gui; Zhang, Jin-Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, Ctr Collaborat & Innovat Brain & Learning Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Jin-Tao] B;Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, 19 Xinjiekou Wai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Decision-making;Feedback processing;Game of Dice Task;Internet gaming addiction
摘要：
Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is an increasing mental health issue worldwide. Previous studies have revealed decision-making impairments in excessive Internet gamers (EIGs) with high symptoms of IGA. However, the role of feedback processing in decision-making deficits among EIGs remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of feedback processing on decision-making deficits under risk among EIGs, using the Game of Dice Task (GDT) and a modified version of the GDT in which no feedback was provided. Twenty-six EIGs and 26 matched occasional Internet garners (OIGs) were recruited. The results showed: (a) OIGs performed better on the original GDT than on the modified GDT (no feedback condition); however, EIGs performed similarly on both tasks; (b) EIGs and OIGs performed equally on the modified GDT; however, EIGs chose more disadvantageous options than OIGs on the original GDT; (c) EIGs utilized feedback less frequently on the original GDT relative to OIGs. These results suggest that EIGs are not able to utilize feedback to optimize their decisions, which could underlie their poor decision-making under risk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Psychology,2014年40(Dec.):9-13 ISSN：0272-4944
通讯作者：
Zuo, Bin
作者机构：
[Zhang, Xiaobin; Li, Qiong] Northwest Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.;[Zuo, Bin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zuo, Bin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Previous studies revealed that emotion (pleased or depressed) could bias perception in a metaphorically consistent manner (e.g., happy = white (up), depressed = dark (down)). The present study extended this view by investigating whether these metaphors can also affect the emotion of an observer in a metaphorically consistent manner. In Experiment 1, after gazing at a black screen, participants became more depressed and less pleased temporarily. Conversely, after gazing at a white screen, participants became more pleased and less depressed temporarily. Results from Experiment 2 revealed that after gazing at the top of the screen, participants felt more pleased and less depressed temporarily but felt the reverse when gazing at the bottom of the screen. These results suggest that metaphors can, at least temporarily, affect the emotion of an observer along a pleased-depressed dimension. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Health & safety < HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT;Public health < INFECTIOUS DISEASES;Suicide & self-harm < PSYCHIATRY
摘要：
Objectives: To examine predictive power of psychache and life satisfaction on risks for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among young people. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Data were collected from an online survey in Wuhan, China. Participants: 5988 university students from six universities were selected by a stratified cluster sampling method. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt at some point of the students' lifetime were the outcomes of interest. Results: Students with suicidal ideation or attempted suicide reported a lower level of life satisfaction and high degree of psychache than counterparts without suicidal ideation or attempt. Regression analyses indicated that life satisfaction and psychache were significantly associated with the risk of suicidal ideation and the risk of suicidal attempt. Though psychache showed a relatively stronger predictive power than life satisfaction, the effect of the two factors remained significant when they were individually adjusted for personal demographic characteristics. However, when the two factors were included in the model simultaneously to adjust for each other, psychache could fully explain the association between life satisfaction and suicidal attempt. Life satisfaction remained to contribute unique variance in the statistical prediction of suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Psychache and life satisfaction both have a significant predictive power on risk for suicidal behaviour, and life satisfaction could relieve the predictive power of psychache when suicidal behaviour is just starting. Shneidman's theory that psychache is the pre-eminent psychological cause of suicide is perhaps applicable only to a more serious form of suicidal behaviour.
