作者：
Zhu, Sha;Qiu, Hongjing;Yang, Harrison Hao*;Zhang, Yi（张屹）
期刊：
Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2016年9757:258-268 ISSN：0302-9743
通讯作者：
Yang, Harrison Hao
作者机构：
[Zhu, Sha] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr E Learning, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Yi; Qiu, Hongjing; Yang, Harrison Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Harrison Hao] SUNY Coll Oswego, Sch Educ, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
通讯机构：
[Yang, Harrison Hao] C;[Yang, Harrison Hao] S;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;SUNY Coll Oswego, Sch Educ, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
会议名称：
9th International Conference on Blended Learning (ICBL)
会议时间：
JUL 19-21, 2016
会议地点：
Peking Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
Peking Univ
会议论文集名称：
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
关键词：
Mobile devices;Integration;Influencing factors;K-12 teachers
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to explore the key factors influencing K-12 teachers’ intention of mobile devices integration in teaching. A structural model of the factors influencing teachers’ intention to integrate mobile devices in teaching was proposed based on an extensive literature review. Based on the proposed model, a survey was administered which included six categories: (1) Attitude and technology belief; (2) Mobile-based pedagogical knowledge; (3) Mobile device skills; (4) Institutional support; (5) Self-efficacy of mobile-based teaching; and (6) Intention to integrate mobile devices. Partial Least Squares (PLS) were employed to validate the proposed model and hypotheses, using the data collected from 22 primary school teachers via surveys. The results indicated that teachers’ attitude and technology belief, and self-efficacy of mobile-based teaching had significant impacts on their intention to integrate mobile devices in teaching. Meanwhile, teachers’ mobile device skills strongly influenced their self-efficacy of mobile-based teaching. Finally, the authors provided suggestions for teachers, school leaders, and researchers.
期刊：
Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2016年9757:63-72 ISSN：0302-9743
通讯作者：
Luo, Heng
作者机构：
[Zuo, Mingzhang; Luo, Heng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zuo, Mingzhang; Luo, Heng] Cent China Normal Univ, Collaborat & Innovat Ctr Educ Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Koszalka, Tiffany] Syracuse Univ, Dept Instruct Design Dev & Evaluat, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Heng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Collaborat & Innovat Ctr Educ Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
9th International Conference on Blended Learning (ICBL)
摘要：
This study employs eye-tracking technology to investigate the effect of visual cues in multimedia-based, self-directed online instruction. Eye tracking data such as fixation time, fixation count, and movement trails were collected to document how participants directed their attention during their online learning process. Compared with the learning experience without visual cue presence, this study provides empirical evidence on how visual cues affect online learners’ learning pattern, learning experience, and learning outcome, and proposes tentative guidelines for designing effective multimedia instructional content for online or blended learning environments.
作者：
Hu, Zhengbing*;Bodyanskiy, Yevgeniy V.;Tyshchenko, Oleksii K.
期刊：
2016 XITH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CONFERENCE COMPUTER SCIENCES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES (CSIT),2016年:119-122
通讯作者：
Hu, Zhengbing
作者机构：
[Hu, Zhengbing] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Bodyanskiy, Yevgeniy V.; Tyshchenko, Oleksii K.] Kharkiv Natl Univ Radio Elect, Control Syst Res Lab, Kharkov, Ukraine.
通讯机构：
[Hu, Zhengbing] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Computational Intelligence;Data Stream Processing;Neuro-Fuzzy System;Fuzzy Clustering;Machine Learning;Evolving System
摘要：
A cascade deep learning system (based on neuro-fuzzy nodes) and its online learning procedure are proposed in this paper. The system is based on nodes of a special type. A goal function of a special type is used for possibilistic high-dimensional fuzzy clustering. To estimate a clustering quality of data processing, an optimal value of a cluster validity index is used.
摘要：
Internet technologies have evolved into a point where it is possible to create web-based applications, comparable to those typically found on desktop computers and workstations. Web-based medical imaging applications can be used to perform medical image interpretation outside the hospital setting. This kind of application is launched in a browser and provides the necessary interpretation functions, such as viewing, windowing and fly-through visualisations. In this paper, Adobe Flash was evaluated in terms of its suitability for developing such remote access medical imaging applications. Results showed that the Flash-based medical imaging application has the ability to provide comprehensive functionality for interpretation and a high level of user friendliness. Thus, this paper shows that Flash is a highly functional and reliable technology with its improvement in 3D rendering and enhancement of interaction for the development of medical imaging applications.
关键词：
component;neural network;thermocouple;drift of conversion characteristic of thermocouples;thermoelectric inhomogeneity of thermocouples
摘要：
This paper considers the usage of artificial intelligence, in particular, neural networks, to correct and compensate thermocouple errors. There are the correction of the thermocouple tolerance, the error due to conversion characteristic drift under the influence of high operating temperatures as well as the compensation of the error due to acquired thermoelectric inhomogeneity of thermocouple legs proposed in this paper. The correction is carried out using individual mathematical models based on neural networks. It is proposed the neural network method for controlling a temperature field to compensate the error due to acquired thermoelectric inhomogeneity.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Yue; Xiong, Cai-Ping; Ge, Jun] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Ge, Jun] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
1st International Conference on Information Technologies in Education and Learning (ICITEL)
会议时间：
DEC 19-20, 2015
会议地点：
Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
[Ge, Jun;Xiong, Cai-Ping;Zhang, Yue] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.^[Ge, Jun] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
会议论文集名称：
ACSR-Advances in Comptuer Science Research
关键词：
SNS;EFL;ICT;WTC
摘要：
SNSs have been widely used in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learning world-wide. In China, QQ, a very popular SNS, has also been widely used for EFL learning. However, there are some problems regarding the use of QQ in this field. This paper presents a study which tried to find out those problems through a questionnaire survey. Results showed that problems did exist from the perspectives of organization, manner, content and participant of discussion. Based on the identified problems, the study proposed a conception of an SNS app for EFL learning and illustrated how it worked and what its features were. As expected, this app is to help EFL learners practice more by facilitating meaningful communications in English, and thus improve their EFL skills.
期刊：
Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2016年9757:163-174 ISSN：0302-9743
通讯作者：
Xiong, Cai-Ping
作者机构：
[Xiong, Ya-Ping; Xiong, Cai-Ping; Ge, Jun] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Ge, Jun] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiong, Cai-Ping] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
9th International Conference on Blended Learning (ICBL)
会议时间：
JUL 19-21, 2016
会议地点：
Peking Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
Peking Univ
会议论文集名称：
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
关键词：
SNS;EFL;Learning model;Informal learning;Learning community
摘要：
In China, the traditional EFL (English as a foreign language) learning model does not meet the need of talent cultivation for lack of an authentic English environment and continuous practice. This study proposed an SNS-based model for EFL learning in a school setting, which embodied the concept of informal learning and community learning. This model was implemented in the course named College English throughout one semester, and learning tasks were designed following this model. A survey was conducted to learn about the students’ perceptions of SNS-based learning from both online and in-class dimensions. Moreover, the final exam scores of the experimental class were compared with other classes. The results indicated that through this model, students would engage and collaborate a lot in extracurricular learning and inside-class and outside-class dimensions were organically bridged. Although the final scores did not show significant difference, the participants did demonstrate better communicative competence.
作者：
Wang, Meiqian*;MacLeod, Jason;Sun, Xiaohuan;Yang, Harrison Hao
作者机构：
[Wang, Meiqian] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr E Learning, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[MacLeod, Jason; Yang, Harrison Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Xiaohuan] Cent China Normal Univ, Coinnovat Ctr Educ Informatizat & Balanced Dev Ba, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Harrison Hao] SUNY Coll Oswego, Sch Educ, Oswego, NY USA.
会议名称：
5th International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT)
会议时间：
SEP 22-24, 2016
会议地点：
Tainan, TAIWAN
会议主办单位：
[Wang, Meiqian] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr E Learning, Wuhan, Peoples R China.^[MacLeod, Jason;Yang, Harrison Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.^[Sun, Xiaohuan] Cent China Normal Univ, Coinnovat Ctr Educ Informatizat & Balanced Dev Ba, Wuhan, Peoples R China.^[Yang, Harrison Hao] SUNY Coll Oswego, Sch Educ, Oswego, NY USA.
摘要：
Based on the Student Experience in the Research University Project, at University of California, Berkeley, this study proposed a conceptual framework of undergraduates' learning experience. Furthermore, the authors investigated basic features of student experience at Central China Normal University by using a quantitative survey of 4,292 participants. The empirical findings indicated student experience at Central China Normal University was positive in general. However, findings also indicated student experience relating to learning resources and satisfaction of university's function on cultivating students' competencies may provide opportunities for improvement. Based on these findings, the authors provided recommendations for optimizing student experience.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Yi; Zhou, Pinghong; Bai, Qingyu; Fan, Fulan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
5th International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT)
会议时间：
SEP 22-24, 2016
会议地点：
Tainan, TAIWAN
会议主办单位：
[Zhou, Pinghong;Bai, Qingyu;Zhang, Yi;Fan, Fulan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
smart classroom;knowledge building;assessment based learning
摘要：
This study explored the application of smart classroom in primary school in China and how it work with collaborative knowledge building of students. The study first put forward the assessment-based learning mode which was integrated with assessment, pedagogy and technology. Taking the mathematics course as an example, learning activities were designed based on the assessment-based learning and knowledge building theory. Then, the study collected data from 87 students in two classes. Findings showed that students in two classes had significant difference in the application of knowledge, but had no significant difference in knowledge acquisition and processing. The study findings will enable teachers to design meaningful assessment based activities for the students' collaborative knowledge building and the development of students' higher-order thinking skills in the smart class.
作者机构：
[MacLeod, Jason; Yang, Harrison Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Harrison Hao] SUNY Coll Oswego, Sch Educ, Oswego, NY USA.
会议名称：
5th International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT)
会议时间：
SEP 22-24, 2016
会议地点：
Tainan, TAIWAN
会议主办单位：
[MacLeod, Jason;Yang, Harrison Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.^[Yang, Harrison Hao] SUNY Coll Oswego, Sch Educ, Oswego, NY USA.
摘要：
Though the process of qualitative analytical research, historical analysis is applied to evaluate the degree to which public K-12 school districts in Central New York are transparently reporting information regarding their educational technology and whether this process of communication aligns with a literature-based framework for educational technology life-cycle efficacy. Through digital artifact analysis of 10 educational school districts, which account for roughly 52,000 students and annual budget allocations of $840 million, the authors conclude that this sample of school districts were not transparently communicating information pertaining to educational technology and their life-cycle efficacy was not being communicated in accordance with best-practices acknowledged in relevant literature.
作者机构：
[Wu, Mei] Wuhan Inst Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Huajun] Wuhan Univ, Sch Comp, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Min, Qiusha] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
2016 Sixth International Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement,Computer,Communication and Control (IMCCC2016)(第六届仪器测量、计算机通信与控制国际会议)
会议时间：
2016-07-21
会议地点：
哈尔滨
会议主办单位：
Harbin Inst Technol
会议论文集名称：
2016 Sixth International Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement,Computer,Communication and Control (IMCCC2016)(第六届仪器测量、计算机通信与控制国际会议) 论文集
摘要：
This paper proposes a new model to efficiently control cluster-heads using heterogeneous sensors in real-time. It also proposes a generic software framework to feasibly and efficiently meet the needs of the users and applications (e.g., reliability, energy efficiency). The proposed model and its method have been implemented and evaluated in Matlab, comparing its performance with known protocols for WSNs. The proposed model is suitable for common use because it is superior to other methods by energy efficiency.
期刊：
IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Conference Proceedings,2016年:001034-001039 ISSN：1062-922X
通讯作者：
Song, Yalong
作者机构：
[Song, Yalong; Li, Hong; Li, Huizhen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Yantao] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Informat & Commun, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Yantao] Cent China Normal Univ Wuhan, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Song, Yalong] H;Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)
会议时间：
OCT 09-12, 2016
会议地点：
Budapest, HUNGARY
会议主办单位：
[Song, Yalong;Li, Hong;Li, Huizhen] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.^[Wei, Yantao] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Informat & Commun, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.^[Wei, Yantao] Cent China Normal Univ Wuhan, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议论文集名称：
IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings
摘要：
In the hyperspectral image classification area, a few number of labeled samples is a bottleneck for the improvement of classification accuracy. In order to tackle this problem, multiple one-dimensional embedding interpolation (MIDEI) has been used for hyperspectral image classification and achieved promising results. Despite the success, the complexity of MIDEI prevents its practical application. On the other hand, the percentage of newly added samples is set by experience when enlarging the labeled set. In this paper we develop a method by extending the MIDEI method with local strategy, called multiple local one-dimensional embedding interpolation (MLIDEI). We only map the labeled samples and their local spatial neighbors into the one-dimensional (lD) space. The local strategy can reduce the complexity of MIDEI, since only labeled samples and their neighbors need to be mapped. In addition, the local strategy ensures all these newly labeled samples come from the spatial neighborhood of labeled samples. Then, during the merging stage, we can incorporate all of them with the labeled samples. Moreover, the proposed MLIDEI can incorporate the spatial information and make full use of the unlabeled samples. Compared with other spatial-spectral classification methods, the proposed MLIDEI method obtains promising results. Experimental results on the commonly used hyperspectral data set validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
摘要：
Multiple-valued logic is a promising choice for future computer technologies, which provides a set of advantages comparing to binary circuits. We have developed an adaptive genetic algorithm for ternary reversible circuits using Muthukrishnan-Stroud gates. The method for chromosomes coding, as well as a reasonable choice of algorithm parameters, allowed obtaining circuits for ternary arithmetic devices, which are better than other known methods in terms of quantum cost, delay time and amount of input ancillary and output garbage qutrits. Based on our realization of ternary parallel full-adder we synthesized reversible ternary parallel adder/subtractor, which has better parameters over the previously reported devices.
期刊：
Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2016年9757:128-138 ISSN：0302-9743
通讯作者：
Luo, Heng
作者机构：
[Zuo, Mingzhang; Luo, Heng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zuo, Mingzhang; Luo, Heng] Cent China Normal Univ, Collaborat & Innovat Ctr Educ Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Alley, Richard; Millet, April] Penn State Univ, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Heng] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Collaborat & Innovat Ctr Educ Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
9th International Conference on Blended Learning (ICBL)
摘要：
This case study provides a contextualized description of the various ethical issues faced by an instructional designer in the design and delivery of a MOOC. The defined characteristics of MOOCs in general (e.g., massive enrollment, open access, diverse student population) and the uniqueness of specific cases require a set of ethical decisions to be made for dealing with issues such as bias, fairness, copyright, and disruptions. Those decisions, along with their rationale and effects are elaborated and discussed in this study from the aspects of theoretical assumptions, pragmatic considerations, and empirical evidence. Based on the case study findings, this paper concludes with a list of informed advices and learned lessons to guide instructional designers and instructors to deal with similar ethical issues in future MOOCs.
作者机构：
[Hu, Min; Li, Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr E Learning, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Qingtang; Zhai, Lili] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
2015 International Conference of Educational Innovation Through Technology - (EITT)
会议时间：
OCT 16-18, 2015
会议地点：
Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
[Hu, Min;Li, Hao] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr E Learning, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.^[Liu, Qingtang;Zhai, Lili] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
new generation of migrant workers;mobile learning;multi terminal;responsive page
摘要：
The new generation of migrant workers is a strong force in social construction, and they have the need of vocational skills training. However, the actual training effect is not ideal. Mobile learning applied in vocational skills training for migrant workers, can solve the problems, such as contradiction between working and learning of the migrant workers, the training objectives and content lack target, practicability, and comprehension, training methods are not flexible, meeting their needs of learning at anytime and anywhere. This paper introduced multi terminal mobile learning systems, and applied in vocational skills training for the new generation of migrant workers, analyzed the application effect through the questionnaire.
摘要：
This article analyzes the current problems of experimental teaching, proposes experimental teaching mode based on blended learning discusses the teaching model and task-driven design of teaching activities. The "distance education technology experiment" teaching as an example, This article from the previous analysis, design and development of learning resources, teaching practice, describes the experience and understanding of exploration and practice of teaching mode of experimental course based on blended learning. Finally, evaluation of teaching effectiveness, the results showed that experimental teaching mode based on blended learning will help improve experimental teaching effects.
作者机构：
[Ding, Ji-Hong; Xiong, Cai-Ping; Ge, Jun] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Hubei Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Cai-Ping] Cent China Normal Univ, Informatizat & Equalizat Basic Educ Collaborat In, Hubei Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Ge, Jun] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Hunan Changsha 410074, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
2015 International Conference of Educational Innovation Through Technology - (EITT)
会议时间：
OCT 16-18, 2015
会议地点：
Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
[Ge, Jun;Xiong, Cai-Ping;Ding, Ji-Hong] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ Informat Technol, Hubei Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.^[Xiong, Cai-Ping] Cent China Normal Univ, Informatizat & Equalizat Basic Educ Collaborat In, Hubei Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.^[Ge, Jun] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Hunan Changsha 410074, Peoples R China.
关键词：
professional English;corpus;CAT;resource sharing
摘要：
Globalization makes international communications between countries much more significant, which is well manifested in all industries. Therefore, talents with a good command of professional English (PE) are critical for enterprises to gain success in international competitions. However, school education cannot provide adequate training for PE talents because of the lack of PE resources and teachers with proper professional knowledge. This paper proposes a conception of a collaborative platform for dynamic sharing of professional English resources. According to the conception, this platform is of strong Web 2.0 characteristics and relies a lot on language information processing technology. It brings the scattered PE stakeholders in different industries together and makes them share resources and experience to benefit each other. The platform can also facilitate translation work by its increasingly bigger corpora. Moreover, it can be used for school education purposes as well.
期刊：
2009 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING,2015年:224-226
作者机构：
[Zuo, Mingzhang; Diao, Lixin; Liu, Xiaomei] Cent China Normal Univ, Informat & Technol Dept, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
International Conference on Education Technology and Training (ETT 2009)
会议时间：
2009
会议地点：
Sanya, China
会议论文集名称：
2009 Second International Conference on Education Technology and Training (ETT 2009)
关键词：
Blended learning;Network study platform;E-learning
摘要：
The series of questions about the loss of teacher's subjectivity and student's initiative in traditional classroom teaching, the high input and low output of the network teaching and the lack of leading position of teachers make us have to think about something. A separate focus on a particular mode of teaching can not achieve the purpose of effectively improve student learning outcomes. The introduction of blended learning methods gave us one thinking. It combines the advantages of traditional teaching and network teaching to apply the new teaching model. This is undoubtedly a new attempt and exploration to our education innovation in the future. This paper discussed the construction of network study platform based on blended learning from the following three aspects: 1) The connotation and advantage of blended learning; 2) The construction of network study platform based on blended learning; 3) Prospects for the future.
摘要：
Instructional videos have been widely used in MOOCs. This study explores how four instructional videos about procedural knowledge affect cognitive load, learning flow and performance by using an experimental design with the recall test and transfer test, cognitive load questionnaire and learning flow questionnaire filled out. Results show that the type of words and pictures explaining with instructor and software procedure recording with instructor result in better learning performance than that of words and pictures explaining type and software procedure recording type. Additionally, cognitive load do not differ amongst the four video groups and the type of words and pictures explaining with instructor causes higher learning flow than words and pictures explaining type. Results of this study are helpful to those who involve in MOOCs resources construction, as well as teachers who need to develop micro-lecture resources.
