作者机构：
[Wang Shufu; Wang, SF] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Humanities, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang Shufu] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Humanities, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
复调理论;巴别尔;话语层次;权利关系
摘要：
20世纪著名俄国犹太作家巴别尔的小说具有独特的艺术技巧和审美价值.从作者与叙述者和人物之间的复杂关系出发,巴别尔小说可以分为四种不同文化特质和精神内涵的话语层次,即革命主义话语层次、英雄主义话语层次、犹太主义话语层次和知识分子话语层次.它们之间彼此交织,相互影响:作为背景存在的革命主义话语中,交织着英雄主义话语的光芒,英雄主义话语中闪耀着犹太主义话语所缺乏的生命活力和阳刚气质,犹太主义话语中暗含着对英雄主义话语的隐蔽谴责和无声抗议,包蕴着对革命主义话语的质疑和不解,而革命主义和英雄主义话语则对抗和消解着犹太主义话语的僵化保守、封闭落后的因素.带有作者色彩的知识分子话语,对以上三种话语持明显的双重性:既拥护革命主义话语的现实激情和美好理想,又质疑其对民众的伤害和对文化的破坏;既羡慕英雄主义的阳刚精神和生命活力,又反对其带来的残忍和暴力;既认同犹太主义对文化知识的珍视和对传统习俗的承传,又拒绝其对周围世界的封闭和对人性的压抑.四种不同的话语权力纠缠不休,共同构成一幅复调性的小说画卷,形象反映出二三十年代俄国的社会历史、民族文化、精神特质.正是由于话语权利纠葛的复杂性和多样性,巴别尔的小说才得到多样解读和不同评价.The famous Russo-Jewish writer of the 20th century Isaac Babel is well known for his novels Red Cavalry and Odessa Stories, which have unique artistic skills and aesthetic value. There are four types of discourses in Babel' s novels : revolutionary, heroic, Jewish and intellectual discourses, which have different cultural characters and spiritual meanings. These discourses are interwoven with each other and exert mutual influence. On one hand, revolutionary discourse embeds heroic discourse, whoses vitality and masculinity Jewish discourse doesn' t have; on the other hand, Jewish discourse contains the criticism of heroic discourse and the suspicion of revolutionary discourse. Meanwhile revolutionary and heroic discourses challenge and dissolve the ossification and obturation of Jewish discourse. Intellectual discourse, which represents the author, treats three discourses with ambivalance: it supports revolutionary enthusiasm and idealism, but disapproves of its harm to people and culture; it admires the heroic vitality and masculinity, but opposes its cruelty and violence; it acknowledges Jewish cultural tradition, but refuses its obturation to the world and oppression of human nature. Four discourses badger each other, and form a polyphonic picture of social history, national culture and spiritual character. It is the complexity and multiplicity of discourses that render possible the multi-interpretations of Babel' s novels.
