通讯机构：
[Ding, XF; Fan, Z] C;[Ding, XF; Fan, Z] M;[Ding, XF; Fan, Z] K;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Minist Educ, Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav CCNU, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Although there is a large literature demonstrating rapid and accurate enumeration of small sets of simultaneously presented items (i.e., subitizing), it is unclear whether this small numerosity advantage (SNA) can also manifest in sequential enumeration. The present study thus has two aims: to establish a robust processing advantage for small numerosities during sequential enumeration using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, and to examine the underlying mechanism for a SNA in sequential enumeration. The results indicate that a small set of items presented in fast sequences can be enumerated accurately with a high precision and a SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony)-sensitive capacity limit, essentially generalizing the large literature on small numerosity advantage from spatial domain to temporal domain. A resource competition hypothesis was proposed and confirmed in further experiments. Specifically, sequential enumeration and other cognitive process, such as visual working memory (VWM), compete for a shared resource of object individuation by which items are segregated as individual entities. These results implied that the limited resource of object individuation can be allocated within time windows of flexible temporal scales during simultaneous and sequential enumerations. Taken together, the present study calls for attention to the dynamic aspect of the enumeration process and highlights the pivotal role of object individuation in underlying a wide range of mental operations, such as enumeration and VWM.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Wei; Zhou, Bingping; Li, Yaojin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 152 Luoyu St, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Bingping; Zhang, Wei; Li, Yaojin] Minist Educ, Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav CCNU, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Bingping; Zhang, Wei; Li, Yaojin] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Human Dev & Mental Hlth Key Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Jinfeng] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Med Sch, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang-James, Yanli] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, W ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 152 Luoyu St, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study tested the causal link between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Internet addiction (IA) and investigated motivational and executive dysfunction as explanatory mechanisms in this association. A sample of 682 young adults completed self-report measures both at Time1 and Time2, six-months apart, including 54 ADHD participants diagnosed by the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale and the Continuous Performance Test. According to the performance in four cognitive tasks, ADHD participants were classified into three groups based on the dual pathway model of ADHD: executive dysfunction (ED), motivational dysfunction (MD) and combined dysfunction (CD). Participants’ severity of IA symptoms was assessed using the self-report Chen IA Scale. Results indicated that ADHD scores at Time1 predicted IA scores at Time2 but not vice versa. ADHD participants were easier to be IA than controls, while the severity of IA among the three ADHD groups changed differently. The MD and CD groups became more excessively engaged in Internet use over the course of the six-months while the ED group was unchanged. These findings identify ADHD as a potential risk factor for IA and suggest that motivational dysfunction, characterized by an excessive preference for immediate reward over delayed rewards, is a better predictor of IA than executive dysfunction.
作者机构：
[张琳; 任志洪; 张微; 赵春晓; 赵子仪] Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education;School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, China;Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China;[余香莲] Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China;[林羽中] School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
摘要：
Studies of Internet addiction (IA) under the cognitive-behavioral framework have suggested that IA derived from the excessive expectation of positive outcomes, which was a goal-directed behavioral progress. However, according to the dual-system account under the framework of associative learning theory, IA should be considered as a transition process from goal-directed to habit-based. It can be explained in terms of aberrant learning processes, where Internet addicts apparently succumb to habit with decreased sensitivity to reward devaluation. To test this hypothesis, we implemented an instrumental learning paradigm to investigate the difference of reliance on habit between Internet addicts and non-addicts. A total of 21 Internet addicts and 23 normal control subjects were trained in the first experimental phase and learned to associate stimuli with rewarding outcomes by pressing correct keys. In the subsequent outcome devaluation test and in the stimulus-response (S-R) habit test, subjects were required to adjust responses to changes in the value of current outcomes. Results revealed that (1) all subjects were able to gradually acquire the correct behavioral responses in the training phase, however, (2) extensive training rendered Internet addicts less sensitive to outcome devaluation in the outcome devaluation test, and (3) Internet addicts insisted on responding to previous stimuli in the S-R habit test, regardless of whether their responses were rewarded. Thus, we conclude that Internet addicts have an enhanced propensity to develop stimulus-driven habits and overly rely on it, leading to the failures to adjust behavior during goal reevaluation.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Wei; Nie, Jia] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 152 Luoyu St, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei; Nie, Jia] Minist Educ, Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav CCNU, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Ying] East Zhuyuan Primary Sch, Zhongshan, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Wei] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 152 Luoyu St, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Background: The aims of this study were to explore depression, self-esteem and verbal fluency functions among normal internet users, mild internet addictions and severe internet addictions. Methods: The survey sample consisted of 316 college students, and their internet addiction symptoms, depression and self-esteem symptoms were assessed using the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES), respectively. From this sample, 16 students with non-addictions, 19 students with mild internet addiction (sub-MIA) and 15 students with severe internet addiction (sub-SIA) were recruited and subjected to the classical verbal fluency tests, including the semantic and phonemic fluency task. Results: The results indicated that severe internet addiction in the survey sample showed the highest tendency towards depressive symptoms and lowest self-esteem scores, and sub-SIA showed poor performance on the semantic fluency task. Conclusion: In conclusion, severe internet addiction was significantly associated with depression, low self-esteem and semantic verbal fluency problems. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Jiang, Ye-Ping; Zhang, Wei; Fan, Li] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
International Conference on Medicine and Biopharmaceuticals (ICMB)
会议时间：
AUG 15-16, 2015
会议地点：
Guilin, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
[Zhang, Wei;Fan, Li;Jiang, Ye-Ping] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of verbal working memory deficit of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Memory updating of verbal working memory was assessed by presenting 21 ADHD children and 17 control children age 7 to 12 during a verbal n-back task. The ADHD group performed worse than the NC group in the memory updating level 1 and level 2, but no difference in level 0. Effect sizes were 1.31 and 1.63; both were on a very high level. Additionally, with the increase of memory updating difficulties, the ADHD group showed a greater decline than the NC group. The effect size of 1.54 is on a very high level. ADHD children show deficits in the advanced process of verbal working memory, when engaged in memory updating. Research has theoretical and clinical implications for children with ADHD.
摘要：
Impairments in response inhibition and working memory functions have been found to be closely associated with internet addiction (IA) symptoms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In this study, we examined response inhibition and working memory processes with two different materials (internet-related and internet-unrelated stimuli) among adolescents with IA, ADHD and co-morbid IA/ADHD. Twenty-four individuals with IA, 28 individuals with ADHD, 17 individuals with IA/ADHD, and 26 matched normal controls (NC) individuals were recruited. All participants were measured with a Stop-Signal Task and 2-Back Task under the same experimental conditions. In comparison to the NC group, subjects with IA, ADHD and IA/ADHD demonstrated impaired inhibition and working memory. In addition, in comparison to internet-unrelated conditions, IA and co-morbid subjects performed worse on the internet-related condition in the Stop trials during the stop-signal task, and they showed better working memory on the internet-related condition in the 2-Back Task. The findings of our study suggest individuals with IA and IA/ADHD may be impaired in inhibition and working memory functions that might be linked to poor inhibition specifically related to internet-related stimuli, which will advance our understanding of IA and contribute to prevention and intervention strategies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The aims of this study were to test the associations of the Internet addiction symptoms with impulsiveness, loneliness, novelty seeking and behavioral inhibition systems among adults with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adults with non-ADHD. A total of 146 adults aged between 19 and 33 years involved in this study. Participants were assessed with the Chinese version of the adult ADHD Self-report scale (ASRS), the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 (BIS-11), the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), the UCLA loneliness scale, and the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BAS Scale). The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that impulsiveness, loneliness, and behavioral inhibition system were significant predictors of Internet addition among adults with ADHD. Higher loneliness was significantly associated with more severe Internet addition symptoms among the non-ADHD group. Adults with high impulsiveness, loneliness, and BIS should be treated with caution for preventing Internet addiction. In addition, adults with and without ADHD should be provided with different preventative strategies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
