摘要：
Abstract: This paper analyzes carbon footprint based on energy utilization in Hubei Province adopting both qualitative and quantitative methods, and draws the following conclusions: 1) The carbon emissions showed a tendency to increase year by year in Hubei Province. The carbon emissions of coal occupied the largest proportion, followed by oil, with natural gas bringing up the rear in the three main fossil fuels, while the proportion of carbon emissions generated by biomass energy utilization presented a fluctuating downward trend. 2) The carbon footprint of Hubei’s total energy use appeared a rising trend in fluctuation, accounting for 0.243 hm2/cap in 2010, with 0.149 hm2/cap more than that of 1990. The carbon footprint density was growing rapidly, which had reached 566.20 t/km2 in 2010, almost three times of the amount in 1990. 3) While the economic value created by carbon footprint per unit energy utilization had been growing unceasingly, intensity of carbon footprint on energy use, namely energy consumption per unit GDP, had been declining constantly. That is, the benefits of energy use had been further improving continuously. 4) The calculated results of Ecological Pressure Intensity of Carbon Footprint (EPICF) indicated that the pressure on natural ecosystem caused by fast-growing economy was increasing. 5) There were significant differences between carbon footprint of various re-gions in Hubei Province, each of which was increasing in 2005-2010, and carbon footprint of major areas will be further enhanced with the rapid development of economy in Hubei. It is larger than any other district of Hubei province that whether carbon emissions or carbon footprint in Wuhan city.#@#@#摘要: 本文对基于能源利用的湖北省碳足迹进行了定性与定量相结合的分析，得出以下结论：1) 湖北省的碳排放量呈逐年增加的态势。煤炭的碳排放量所占的比重最大，石油所占比重次之，天然气的碳排放量是三种主要的化石能源中所占比例最小的，而生物质能利用中所产生的碳排放比重呈波动下降趋势。2) 湖北省能源利用的总碳足迹呈现波动上升的趋势，2010年达到0.243 hm2/人，比1990年增加0.149 hm2/人。碳足迹密度增长速度很快，到2010年已达566.20 t/km2，是1990年的将近3倍。3) 单位能源利用碳足迹所创造的经济价值不断增加的同时，能源利用碳足迹强度即单位GDP的能耗也在不断下降，能源利用的效益不断提高。4) 碳足迹生态压力计算结果表明，经济的快速发展对自然生态系统造成的压力在不断增大。5) 湖北省各地区间的碳足迹差异很明显，2005年至2010年各个地区的碳足迹均在增大，随着湖北省经济的快速发展，各大区域的碳足迹还将进一步增大。在各个地区中无论是碳排放量还是碳足迹都是武汉市最大。
通讯机构：
[Wu Yijin] H;Huazhong Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT 2009, Wuhan, China, 4-5 July 2009, 3 Volumes
关键词：
The middle reaches of Yangtze River;human-water relationship;evolution;humans activities;water environment
摘要：
This article first elaborates the evolution of human-water relationship in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. In the ancient times, natural habitats of the human species were centered around large water and grass rich areas. People maintained an orderly and complete relationship with the water-environment, with the progression of time agricultural societies, begun to exploit the Two-Lake Plains (Hunan and Hubei plains), they constructed irrigation projects and re-constructed the water environment. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, reclamation from lakes caused deterioration of human-water relationship, by the time china was declared a sovereign government, Chinapsilas human-water relationship had became comprehensively deteriorated. further more, this paper also analyzes the influence of human activities on the water environment focusing on aspects of the changes within the lakes system, the evolution of hydrological characteristics, the variation of the frequency of flood disaster and the deterioration of water quality in the middle reach of Yangtze River. The result showed that river systems of Yunmeng marsh, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Jingjiang river have undergone profound changes; the runoff and the sediment content exhibited a decreasing trend in recent years. The frequency of flood disaster has also been on the increase in recent decades. The rapid development of agriculture and other industries accelerated the ecological environmental destruction and the water quality. Finally, the paper discusses the water environmental variation and its effects on human social culture, custom, architecture, settlement vicissitude as well as the agriculture and the influence of flood disaster intensification. The paper demonstrates that water is one of the necessary driving forces for social development.
