摘要：
We present a distributed, self-organizing and fault-tolerant readout network Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for the high-density electrode array targeting at neutrinoless double-beta decay search in Time Projection Chamber (TPC). A meter-sized plane tiled by approximately 1 x 10(5) single-electrode Topmetal-S sensors with a pitch of 5 similar to 10 mm is utilized to realize charge readout plane in a ton-scale high-pressure gaseous TPC. A sensor network is proposed under the premise of ensuring the tightness and radioactive purity of the high-pressure TPC. As a node of the network, each sensor not only generates and transmits its own data but also forwards the data from its adjacent sensors. Therefore, a Readout and Data-Routing Circuit (RDRC) is integrated into each sensor. To realize the RDRC, a distributed readout network ASIC is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS Technology. A routing algorithm called Fault-Tolerance XY (FT-XY) is implemented to avoid the faulty sensors from disabling large sections of the network. A single ASIC and a 3 x 3 network have been tested. The test results show that the throughput of the 3 x 3 network reaches 110.52 Mbit/s.
通讯机构：
[Li, Gao-Xiang] H;Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Fundamental processes;Light matter interactions;Photon correlations;Quantum optics;Resonance fluorescence;Spontaneous emission
摘要：
<jats:p>Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations are studied in strongly
correlated three-photon emissions from the Mollow triplet via
frequency engineering. The nonclassicality and the non-Gaussianity of
the filtered field are discussed by correlating intensity signal and
correlated balanced homodyne signals. Due to the non-Gaussian
fluctuations in the Mollow triplet, new forms of the criterion of
nonclassicality for non-Gaussian radiation are proposed by introducing
intensity-dual quadrature correlation functions, which contain the
information about strongly correlated three-photon emissions of the
Mollow triplet. In addition, the time-dependent dynamics of
non-Gaussian fluctuations of the filtered field is studied, which
displays conspicuous asymmetry. Physically, the asymmetrical evolution
of non-Gaussian fluctuations can be attributed to the different
transition dynamics of the laser-dressed quantum emitter revealed by
the past quantum state and conditional quantum state. Compared with
the conventional three-photon intensity correlations that unilaterally
reflect the particle properties of radiation, the multifold
wave-particle correlation functions we proposed may convey more
information about wave-particle duality of radiation, such as the
quantum coherence of photon triplet and “which-path” in
cascaded photon emissions in atomic systems.</jats:p>
作者：
Dong, S.;Huang, G. M.*（黄光明）;Fruehauf, J.;Loizeau, P-A;Deppner, I;...
期刊：
Journal of Instrumentation,2020年15(12):C12005-C12005 ISSN：1748-0221
通讯作者：
Huang, G. M.
作者机构：
[Huang, G. M.; Wang, D.; Dong, S.] Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Loizeau, P-A; Fruehauf, J.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.;[Deppner, I; Herrmann, N.] Heidelberg Univ, Phys Inst, Neuenheimer Feld 226, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
通讯机构：
[Huang, G. M.] C;Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
15th Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors
会议时间：
FEB 10-14, 2020
会议地点：
Univ Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ITALY
会议主办单位：
Univ Rome Tor Vergata
关键词：
Control and monitor systems online;Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases)
摘要：
A high-performance time-of-flight (TOF) MRPC wall is being built for the CBM experiment at FAIR for charged hadron identification. The detector control system for the TOF system will be based on EPICS. All components like power supplies for low and high voltages, power distribution boxes, gas control and front-end electronics (FEE) are controlled and monitored. In a test, called mini-CBM, all these functionalities are implemented and tested. For monitoring the detector environment and the status of the front-end electronics, a slow control application is implemented based on IPbus, which is an FPGA-based slow control bus used for the TOF data acquisition system. In addition to the functions of control and monitoring, exception handling and data archiving services are implemented as well. This system has been fully verified in beam tests in 2019 at GSI.
摘要：
Single-event latchups (SELs) are easily triggered when high-energy heavy ions attack the sensitive parts of integrated circuits (ICs). The main strategy to improve the ability of ICs to resist SELs is to thoroughly evaluate the sensitivities of all parts, which requires that the SEL be located with high accuracy. We have proposed a method of using silicon pixel sensors as the positioning chips to track single heavy ions and obtain the hit points attacked on an IC through analysis of ion tracks. The method can locate SELs and obtain a distribution map of sensitive parts with high accuracy. In this paper, we present the first image of a single heavy ion in our prototype detector using Topmetal-II-sensors as the positioning chips. The test results show that the detector can locate heavy ions with a position resolution better than 7 mu m and angular resolution better than 0.3 degrees. The maximum measurable flux of the heavy ion beam can reach 10(5) ions/(cm(2).s) in future if a high-readout rate positioning chip is adopted.
通讯机构：
[Li, Gao-Xiang] H;Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Doppler effect;Faraday effect;Laser beams;Laser pumping;Optical pumping;Two level systems
摘要：
<jats:p>We present a theoretical study of double-resonance alignment magnetometers using linearly polarized light, in which the effect of atomic high-order multipole moments is considered. Starting from the effective master equation of our system obtained by eliminating the excited state adiabatically, we derive the full evolution equations of the atomic multipole moments. The analytic solutions of resonance signals involving the four-order multipole moments effect are obtained by using the perturbation approach. We present that the four-order multipole moments effect is negligible in the weak laser field, and the results reduce to that obtained by a three-step approach. However, the role of four-order multipole moments coupled by two-order tensor moments is more significant with the increasing Rabi frequency of light, which cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, the analytic expressions of relaxation processes are also studied, which are a linear combination of the laser-induced equivalent relaxation rate <jats:inline-formula>
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</jats:inline-formula>. The expected domain of validity of the three-step approach on light power is roughly given by <jats:inline-formula>
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</jats:inline-formula>. In addition, the steady-state results of resonance signals are presented in a strong radio-frequency magnetic field; in that case, the physical mechanism of the splitting of resonance signals is discussed. These results are valid for arbitrary light power and for an arbitrarily oriented static magnetic field.</jats:p>
摘要：
This paper presents a novel six-transistor (6T) Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell, which uses only one bit line and applies an additional switch to cut the competition path during the write access. The proposed 6T SRAM cell has been applied in a pixel array detector to configure a digital-to-analog converter in each pixel to improve the charge threshold uniformity. Compared to the conventional 6T SRAM cell, the proposed 6T SRAM cell features lower power consumption and smaller area. Simulation results show the power consumption is reduced by about 43% and all the transistors are designed by minimum size to reduce the area but without the performance degradation. The test results show that the novel 6T SRAM cell works very well.
作者机构：
[Huang, Guangming; Ma, Zhiyuan] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Zhiyuan; Huang, Zhi; Lin, Anni] Naval Univ Engn, Dept Elect Technol, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Guangming] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
low probability of intercept;multiple feature image;short-time autocorrelation
摘要：
<jats:p>Detecting and classifying the modulation type of the intercepted noisy LPI (low probability of intercept) radar signals in real-time is a necessary survival technique in the electronic intelligence systems. Most radar signals have been designed to have LPI properties; therefore, the LPI radar waveform recognition technique (LWRT) has recently gained increasing attention. In this paper, we propose a multiple feature images joint decision (MFIJD) model with two different feature extraction structures that fully extract the pixel feature to obtain the pre-classification results of each feature image for the non-stationary characteristics of most LPI radar signals. The core technology of this model is combining the short-time autocorrelation feature image, double short-time autocorrelation feature image and the original signal time-frequency image (TFI) simultaneously input into the hybrid model classifier, which is suitable for non-stationary signals, and it has higher universality. We demonstrate the performance of MFIJD by simulating 11 types of the signals defined in this paper and generating training sets and test sets. The comparison with the literature shows that the proposed methods not only has a high universality for LPI radar signals, but also better adapts to LPI radar waveform recognition at low SNR (signal to noise ratio) environment. The overall recognition rate of the method reaches 87.7% when the SNR is −6 dB.</jats:p>
摘要：
The intensity-amplitude correlation functions for a driven cavity QED system with two non-identical atoms are investigated in this paper. With the support of conditional homodyne detection, one can detect the time-dependent intensity-amplitude correlation functions experimentally. We find time-asymmetry in this correlation when the driving field is tuned to be resonant with the two-photon excitation state, which brings non-Gaussian fluctuations. The physical origin of these phenomena is the distinction of the third-order moment based on complete-collapse and partial-collapse, which corresponds to the measuring sequence of the intensity and amplitude. Finally, we also examined the nonclassical features of the system, which always exhibits photon bunching. The squeezing occurs in the region of weak driving and disappears with the increase of driving strength. Hence, a new classical inequality based on the technique of homodyne cross-correlation measurement is introduced to determine the nonclassicality of the non-Gaussian system in the region of unsqueezing. (C) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
通讯机构：
[Sun, XM; Yang, P] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys MOE, PLAC, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor;CEPC;Zero-suppression data-driven readout;ENC;SEL;SEU
摘要：
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is proposed as a Higgs factory to produce adequate events, which are the basis for high-precision measurements of the Higgs boson. The vertex detector in the CEPC should meet the requirements of a low material budget, high spatial resolution, fast readout speed and low power consumption. A monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) has been selected as the most promising technology for the vertex detector. The MIC4 sensor is the first prototype developed within the preliminary R&D activities of the CEPC vertex detector. It has been implemented in the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process. It measures 3.1 mm x 4.6 mm and features a 128 row x 64 column pixel array with a pixel pitch of 25 mu m. In this work, a binary front-end has been designed for a compact pixel combined with a sparsified readout circuitry. Each pixel is composed of an amplifier, a shaper, a discriminator and digital logic. A new asynchronous zero-suppression data-driven readout circuit architecture is proposed and implemented in MIC4. We have performed some initial tests on this chip and obtained detailed results. The front-end features a peaking time below 1 mu s, a shaping time less than 3 mu s, a charge threshold of approximately 100 e(-), an average temporal noise (TN) of 6 e(-) and a fixed pattern noise (FPN) of 36 e(-). The addresses of the fired pixels can be readout in the digital part of the chip at a clock running at 30 MHz with the new data-driven readout circuit architecture. The hit map under Fe-55 X-ray exposure shows that the sensor designed in MIC4 works well. The probability of single event latch-up (SEL) sigma(SEL) is 1.02 x 10(-6) cm(2) at a linear energy transfer (LET) of 20.05 MeV cm(2)/mg.
作者机构：
[Huang, Guangming; Ai, Pengcheng; Sun, Xiangming; Wang, Dong; Li, Zili; Sun, XM] Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, XM; Huang, GM] C;Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Multi-track location and orientation;Pixel sensors;Gaseous drift chambers;Convolutional neural networks;Deep learning;Weighted least squares fitting
摘要：
Accurate measuring the location and orientation of individual particles in a beam monitoring system is of particular interest to researchers in multiple disciplines. Among feasible methods, gaseous drift chambers with hybrid pixel sensors have the great potential to realize long-term stable measurement with considerable precision. In this paper, we introduce deep learning to analyze patterns in the beam projection image to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction of particle tracks. We propose an end-to-end neural network based on segmentation and fitting for feature extraction and regression. Two segmentation branches, named binary segmentation and semantic segmentation, perform initial track determination and pixel-track association. Then pixels are assigned to multiple tracks, and a weighted least squares fitting is implemented with full back-propagation. Besides, we introduce a center-angle measure to judge the precision of location and orientation by combining two separate factors. The initial position resolution achieves 8.8 mu m for the single track and 11.4 mu m (15.2 mu m) for the 1-3 tracks (1-5 tracks), and the angle resolution achieves 0.15 degrees and 0.21 degrees (0.29 degrees) respectively. These results show a significant improvement in accuracy and mull-track compatibility compared to traditional methods.
作者机构：
[Huang, Guang-ming; Li, Gao-xiang; Peng, Ze-an] Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Guo-qing] Hangzhou Dianzi Univ, Coll Elect & Informat, Hangzhou 310018, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Gao-xiang] H;Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
By constructing a quantum filtering system to synthesize the spectral and spatial properties of stimulated radiation, the directionality of spectrally correlated nonclassical properties of resonance fluorescence from a three-body quantum antenna is investigated. The quantum antenna consists of three two-level quantum emitters, two of which are identical and strongly driven by an external laser field to radiate the collective resonance fluorescence with three distinct spectral components. The collective stimulated radiation is shaped by the remaining auxiliary emitter via its spontaneous emission, which is assumed to be resonant with the higher-frequency spectral component of the two identical emitters. Due to the presence of the auxiliary emitter, highly directional nonclassicality of the spectral correlations can be generated, which is the consequence of the internal interference of the source and the spatial interference of the radiation field. The electric dipole-dipole interaction between the undriven emitter and the dressed two-body radiating source plays a crucial role in breaking the rotational symmetry of nonclassical signals, which is embodied by various photon correlation functions with a frequency-resolved version for different spectral combinations. By correlating the two opposite sidebands, the frequency-resolved intensity-intensity correlation functions can signal highly directional nonclassicality, and the frequency-resolved two-mode entanglement along a specific emission direction can be tested by the frequency-resolved anomalous correlation function. While the directional nonclassical correlations between the central-frequency and the three-body collective higher-frequency components can be identified through the frequency-resolved intensity-field correlation function. These various frequency-resolved correlation functions characterize the spatial asymmetry of nonclassical properties of the collective stimulated radiation from different perspectives, including the particle properties and the quantum coherences of the filtered photons. When the three-body collective higher-frequency sidebands are correlated with the central band and the lower-frequency sideband, respectively, the schemes of using the auxiliary undriven emitter to generate optimal nonclassical correlations with well-defined directions are discussed analytically. In addition, the results obtained from the three-body quantum antenna and a dressed two-body quantum antenna are compared.
