期刊：
Children and Youth Services Review,2023年152:107084 ISSN：0190-7409
通讯作者：
He, D;He, Dan;Li, XP
作者机构：
[He, Dan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Key Lab Human Dev & Mental Hlth Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[He, Dan; Li, Xue-Ping] China West Normal Univ, Coll Presch & Primary Educ, Nanchong 637000, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Qing-Qi] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Educ Future, Zhuhai 519087, Peoples R China.;[Li, Xue-Ping; He, D] China West Normal Univ, Coll Presch & Primary Educ, Nanchong 637000, Peoples R China.;[He, D] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Key Lab Human Dev & Mental Hlth Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, XP ; He, D; He, D ] ;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Key Lab Human Dev & Mental Hlth Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;China West Normal Univ, Coll Presch & Primary Educ, Nanchong 637000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Adolescents;Cyberbullying;Parental conflict;Perceived social support;Social anxiety
作者机构：
[Liu, Fang] Donghua Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China.;[Qin, Tianling; Liu, Shanshan; Wang, Hao] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res IWHR, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China.;[Nie, Hanjiang] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Urban & Environm Sci, Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jianwei] Yellow River Inst Hydraul Res, 45, Shunhe Rd, Zhengzhou 450003, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tianling Qin] S;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
landscape structure;configuration;landscape characteristic index;river water quality;scale effect;slope
摘要：
Landscape composition and configuration determine the source of pollutants. They also determine the interception and pollution-holding potential of the surface landscape. Using the upper reaches of the Si River Basin, a major grain-producing region in Shandong province in east-central China, as a case study, this study analyzed the influence of landscape characteristics on river water quality (RWQ) after superimposing topographic slope factors for 2017, and investigated which spatial scale had the strongest influence on RWQ. The landscape indices of three spatial scales (riparian zone, river reach and sub-catchment) and three slope scales (general land, flat ground and steep slope) were extracted. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to reveal the effects of landscape characteristics on RWQ at different scales. The results indicate that the landscape types were dominated by arable land and construction land in 2017. Landscape indices at different scales were significantly different. The RWQ generally met Class II or III surface water quality standard. Arable land and construction land had a negative impact on RWQ, both of which were "source" landscapes, while forest was a "sink" landscape that can effectively alleviate the deterioration of RWQ. The eight landscape indices which indicated heterogeneity, fragmentation level, landscape diversity, and shape information had different degrees of correlation with NO3--N, NH4+-N, CODMn and BOD5. Different scales of landscape features had different correlations with RWQ, with the strongest correlation in the riparian zone, followed by the river reach, and the weakest in the sub-catchment. The influence of steep slope land was higher than that of flat ground land. The study confirmed that landscape structure and configuration had a scale effect on RWQ. It thus has great significance for water resources protection and land use management in the study area.
期刊：
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2023年20(2):1105- ISSN：1661-7827
通讯作者：
Junmei Xiong
作者机构：
[Xiong, Junmei; Xie, Weiwei; Zhang, Tong] Minist Educ, Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav CCNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Junmei; Xie, Weiwei; Zhang, Tong] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Key Lab Human Dev & Mental Hlth Hubei Prov, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Junmei; Xie, Weiwei; Zhang, Tong] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Junmei Xiong] K;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
dual-factor model of mental health;cumulative risk;coping style;gratitude;left-behind children in China
摘要：
Based on the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) and the cumulative risk (CR) model, this study aimed to investigate the impact of CR on left-behind children's mental health and the underlying mechanism involved, specifically the mediating role of coping style and the moderating role of gratitude in the relationship between CR and mental health. The random cluster sampling method was applied to collect data on CR, coping style, gratitude, life satisfaction, and depression from 705 left-behind children (374 boys, M-age = 12.20 +/- 1.25). The moderated mediation analyses indicated that: (1) the moderated mediation model of CR and depression was significant: coping style mediated the relationship between CR and depression, and gratitude moderated this mediating effect with gratitude strengthening the negative association between CR and coping style; and (2) gratitude moderated the relationship between CR and life satisfaction and it also strengthened the negative association between CR and life satisfaction. The findings suggest that the mechanisms of coping style may differ in the relationships between CR and positive and negative indicators of mental health in left-behind children and that gratitude as a protective factor has limited capacity to buffer the negative effect of accumulated risk. These findings provide evidence for differentiated intervention approaches to promote disadvantaged children's life satisfaction and depression.
关键词：
endowment insurance;intergenerational transfers;gnawing old;China Family Panel Studies
摘要：
This research paper seeks to understand whether the current basic endowment insurance policy has properly played the role of supporting the elderly needs through intergenerational support within the family. Theoretically, there are problems of the imbalanced structure of pension security, retirees' comparatively higher pension and the low-level security of young people's in-service income, and drawbacks of the existing endowment insurance system, both have a certain causal relationship with "gnawing the old." Data on China's family tracking survey in 2016 (CFPS2016), Probit model, IV and PSM robustness testing methods were also used to study the relationship between parents' pensions and their grownup children's "gnawing-the-old" behavior. The results show that: (1) Compared with young people from families without pension income, those with pensioned parent(s) will less possibly choose to work; the parents' financial assistance behavior would restrain the children's intention to work and increase the possibility of "gnawing the old"; (2) Neither the amount of pension income nor financial assistance given to the children is significantly related to young people's "gnawing the old"; (3) Young people's "gnawing the old" behaviors are different according to their parents' professions and living areas; (4) The gap between parents' pension income and children's in-service income also adds to the causes of "gnawing the old." The policy implications of these findings are discussed particularly the formulation of a scientific mechanism for pension income.
期刊：
Education and Urban Society,2023年55(6):744 - 768 ISSN：0013-1245
通讯作者：
Lingna Zhong
作者机构：
[Li, Zhen] Guangzhou City Polytech, Guangzhou City, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Lingna; Lu, Yuling] Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan City, Peoples R China.;[Zhong, Lingna] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Polit & Int Studies, Wuhan City 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lingna Zhong] C;Central China Normal University, Wuhan City, China
关键词：
education reform;scientific research performance;University president;motivation
摘要：
More than half of the presidents in top universities of China have been grown up in their original universities. According to the upper echelon theory, the "indigenization" characteristics of university presidents will have an impact on their cognitive level and thus affect the scientific research performance of universities. Based on data from the National Natural Science Fund Projects and the National Social Science Fund Projects of China from 2007 to 2016, as well as individual characteristics of presidents, this paper empirically investigates the influence of the growth experience of presidents in 115 "Project 211" universities on scientific research performance. The results show that the presidents who grow up from the original universities have a significant negative impact on national fund projects, especially on the national natural science foundation projects. This paper suggest that the reason maybe the insufficient motivation and less access to external resources for native presidents. Some corresponding policy recommendations are proposed for this purpose.
期刊：
International Sociology,2023年38(3):394 - 410 ISSN：0268-5809
通讯作者：
Ivan Y Sun
作者机构：
[Xu, Xiaohua] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Ivan Y.] Univ Delaware, Dept Sociol & Criminal Justice, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;[Wu, Yuning] Wayne State Univ, Dept Criminol & Criminal Justice, Detroit, MI USA.
通讯机构：
[Ivan Y Sun] D;Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, USA
关键词：
China;depression;deviant behavior;general strain theory;left-behind children;Chine;comportements déviants;dépression;enfants délaissés;théorie générale de la tension;China;conducta desviada;depresión;niños abandonados;teoría general de la frustración
摘要：
China’s massive rural to urban migration has created a vast number of left-behind children (LBC) whose parents moved to cities for work. Drawing upon data from LBC and non-left-behind children (NLBC) in three Chinese cities, this study tests the applicability of general strain theory in explaining deviant behavior among adolescents. The analysis results show that LBC status is directly related to lower involvement in deviant behavior, whereas it is also directly linked to academic difficulty and depression, leading to more deviant acts. Compared with NLBC, LBC have an overall lower risk of deviance. Male and middle school students and students experiencing parental abuse and family poverty are more inclined to express greater depression, subsequently promoting higher participation in deviance.
作者：
Gong, Jian;Shapovalova, Alisa;Lan, Wei;Knight, David W.
期刊：
Current Issues in Tourism,2023年26(11):1731-1747 ISSN：1368-3500
通讯作者：
David W. Knight
作者机构：
[Shapovalova, Alisa; Gong, Jian; Lan, Wei; Knight, David W.] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Jian; Lan, Wei] Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan Branch, China Tourism Acad, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Knight, David W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
通讯机构：
[David W. Knight] C;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
关键词：
Chinese tourism;national parks;Prism of Sustainability;resident support;mixed methods;sustainable tourism
作者机构：
[Sheng, Yan] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yan Sheng] S;School of Foreign Languages, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
摘要：
Article Kevin McManus: Crosslinguistic influence and second language learning was published on April 1, 2023 in the journal Folia Linguistica (volume 57, issue 1).
期刊：
Higher Education Research & Development,2023年42(7):1776-1791 ISSN：0729-4360
通讯作者：
Xiying Wang
作者机构：
[Xu, Yanru] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Publ Policy & Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiying; Wu, Jiarui] Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Educ Theories, Fac Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Shihua] Cent China Normal Univ, 1 Middle Sch, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Binli] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Social Dev & Publ Policy, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiying] Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Educ Theories, Fac Educ, 19 Xinjiekou Wai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiying Wang] I;Institute for Education Theories, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
关键词：
International student experience;glonacal;temporality;spatiality;China
摘要：
Many Chinese international students had to or chose to leave their host universities, receiving online international higher education (HE) at ‘homes’ during the COVID-19. Inspired by the ‘glonacal’ mode of thought, this qualitative study interviewed 16 Chinese international students at ‘homes’ to explore the potential complexities of spatiality and temporality regarding their online international HE experiences during COVID-19. Physically separating from host universities, our participants lost the sense of belongingness to the campus and felt disconnected with their academic communities. Their stories revealed a different ‘money’ value between gaining and losing regarding online international HE experiences at ‘homes’, and the disadvantages they experienced at host countries/universities. Our participants experienced temporal flexibility, temporal conflicts and temporal asymmetry simultaneously. Such spatial and temporal complexities intertwined with each other, making international student experience (ISE) during the COVID-19 unique. This article contributes to understanding of ISE and internationalisation of HE for a post-pandemic era.
期刊：
Computers in Human Behavior,2023年141:107643 ISSN：0747-5632
通讯作者：
Sijing Chen
作者机构：
[Chen, Sijing] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Educ Big Data, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Lu; Kumar, Akit] Syracuse Univ, Sch Informat Studies, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.;[Chen, Sijing] Cent China Normal Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Educ Big Data, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sijing Chen] N;National Engineering Research Center for Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
期刊：
Finance Research Letters,2023年55:103966 ISSN：1544-6123
通讯作者：
Cheng, AJ
作者机构：
[Cheng, Aijun] Yangtze Univ, Sch Law, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Aijun] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Law, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cheng, AJ ] Y;Yangtze Univ, Sch Law, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Law, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The Fintech sector has grown rapidly since the 2008 global financial crisis. The growth of the industry has thereafter been shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, a crisis with substantial implications for economic stability. The risk profile of fintech firms was examined using the CRISP-DM framework, which facilitated the classification and clustering of algorithms and regression models. This paper provides insights into assessing financial risk by combining econometric modeling and machine learning techniques.
作者：
Wu, Yang;Chen, Zhenzhen;Niu, Gengfeng;Yan, Lei
期刊：
International Journal of Psychology,2023年58(SUPPL-1):422-423 ISSN：0020-7594
作者机构：
[Wu, Yang] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Zhenzhen] Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Niu, Gengfeng] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Lei] Yangtze Univ, Jingzhou, Peoples R China.
关键词：
fitness apps;exercise experience;control beliefs;consistency in exercise;college students
摘要：
With the rapid development of media network technology, college students’ exercise is influenced by the use of fitness apps. How to improve the impact of fitness apps on college students’ exercise is a current research hotspot. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence mechanism of fitness apps usage intensity (FAUI) on college students’ exercise adherence.
期刊：
Social Indicators Research,2023年169(3):1109-1124 ISSN：0303-8300
通讯作者：
Jiang, JF
作者机构：
[Jiang, Junfeng; Jiang, JF] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Junfeng; Jiang, JF] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Res Ctr Social Dev & Social Policy, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, JF ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Sociol, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Res Ctr Social Dev & Social Policy, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Socioeconomic inequality;Life expectancy;Healthy life expectancy;Quantile regression;Heterogeneity
摘要：
Prior studies have documented the negative impact of socioeconomic inequality on population health, but few studies have discussed the heterogeneous health effects of socioeconomic inequality. This study proposes using a quantile regression model to examine the heterogeneous influence of socioeconomic inequality (educational inequality, income inequality, and unemployment rate) on population health (life expectancy and healthy life expectancy) based on macro panel data from 160 countries. It was found that in both rich and poor countries, elevated income inequality and unemployment rate significantly predicted reduced life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, while the influences of educational inequality on the two health outcomes were not significant. Furthermore, the negative influence of socioeconomic inequality on population health was mainly observed in countries with lower-level population health. Robust results supported the above findings when lagged population health outcomes were used. Therefore, nations with poor population health should pay more attention to socioeconomic inequality, and state regulations should be actively used to promote equality in income, education and employment for health promotion.
期刊：
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2023年39(3):643-658 ISSN：1044-7318
通讯作者：
Lina Zhang
作者机构：
[Zhang, Lina; Chu, Jie; Zhao, Gang; Hu, Biling; He, Hui] Cent China Normal Univ, Fac Artificial Intelligence Educ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lina] Da Li Univ, Sch Math & Comp, 2 Hongsheng Rd, Dali 671003, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Wenjuan] Hangzhou Normal Univ, Jing Hengyi Sch Educ, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Li] Hubei Univ Educ, Comp Sch, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lina Zhang] F;Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>School of Mathematics and Computer, Da Li University, Dali, China
期刊：
Journal of Affective Disorders,2023年333:331-341 ISSN：0165-0327
通讯作者：
Chen, H
作者机构：
[Liu, Xinyuan; Chen, Ximei; Chen, Hong; Ling, Ying; Li, Wei; Liu, Yong; Zheng, Anqi] Minist Educ, Key Lab Cognit & Personal SWU, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xinyuan; Chen, Ximei; Chen, Hong; Ling, Ying; Li, Wei; Chen, H; Liu, Yong; Zheng, Anqi] Southwest Univ, Fac Psychol, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.;[Li, Qingqing] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Hong] Res Ctr Psychol & Social Dev, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, H ] S;Southwest Univ, Fac Psychol, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Eating disorder symptoms;Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations;Functional connectivity;Resting-state fMRI;Type A personality
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Type A personality (TAP) was characterized by impatience, competitiveness, aggressiveness, and hostility. Higher TAP was proved to be associated with more eating disorder symptoms (EDS). While little is known about the underlying neural substrates of TAP and how TAP is linked to EDS at the neural level. METHODS: To investigate the neural basis of TAP, we adopted fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) (N=1620). Mediation models were examined to explore the relationship between TAP, EDS, and brain activity. RESULTS: TAP was associated with decreased fALFF in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and increased fALFF in the left precentral gyrus (PreCG). Furthermore, TAP was positively correlated to RSFC between the left MFG and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and between the left PreCG and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Mediation analysis showed TAP fully mediated the association of the left MFG activity, MFG-ITG connectivity, and PreCG-MTG connectivity with EDS. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design of this study precludes us from specifying the causal relationship in the associations we observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested spontaneous activity in the left MFG and PreCG is associated with TAP, and even in general sample, people with higher TAP showed more EDS. The present study is the first to investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of TAP in a large sample and further offered new insights into the relation between TAP and EDS from a neural basis perspective.
期刊：
DIGITAL HEALTH,2023年9:20552076231208559 ISSN：2055-2076
通讯作者：
Cao, GH
作者机构：
[Gong, Hongcun; Deng, Sanhong; Wang, Hao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Informat Management, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Hongcun; Deng, Sanhong; Wang, Hao] Nanjing Univ, Int Joint Informat Lab, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Gaohui] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Informat Management, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Cao, Gaohui; Cao, GH] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Informat Management, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao, GH ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Informat Management, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Health anxiety;health information-seeking behavior;ABC theory of emotion;rural population
摘要：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between online and offline health information-seeking behaviors, as antecedents and consequences, and health anxiety and related belief factors in rural residents. METHODS: Based on the ABC theory of emotions (ABC model), this study developed two theoretical models of the association between health anxiety and health information-seeking behavior: Placing health information-seeking behavior (both online and offline) as an outcome and antecedent, respectively, and setting three belief factors of the perceived health threat, intolerance of uncertainty, and catastrophic misinterpretations. We collected 730 self-reported data points from 20 June to 5 July 2022 for rural residents in China and empirically tested the research model and hypotheses using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The perceived health threat and intolerance of uncertainty are significant motivators of health anxiety, and health anxiety has a direct beneficial effect on both online and offline health information-seeking behaviors. Health anxiety is influenced either directly or indirectly by catastrophic misinterpretations resulting from online health information-seeking, while offline health information-seeking behavior does not contribute as strongly to health anxiety directly but mainly reinforces it through the mediating influence of catastrophic misinterpretations. CONCLUSIONS: Rural residents' health anxiety promotes their online and offline health information behaviors. And both their online and offline health information-seeking behaviors may promote health anxiety directly and through catastrophic misinterpretations. Comparing the two, online health information-seeking behaviors primarily exacerbate health anxiety through direct effects, whereas offline health information-seeking behaviors primarily affect health anxiety through catastrophic misinterpretations. We provide suggested guidelines for alleviating health anxiety and regulating health information behaviors among rural residents.
期刊：
Education and Information Technologies,2023年28(7):8377-8400 ISSN：1360-2357
通讯作者：
Zhongling Pi
作者机构：
[Yang, Jiumin; Jiang, Yirui; Zhu, Fangfang] Cent China Normal Univ, Fac Artificial Intelligence Educ, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Yirui] Shenzhen Xiangnan Primary Sch, 395 Haide 2Nd Rd, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Pi, Zhongling] Shaanxi Normal Univ, Key Lab Modern Teaching Technol, Minist Educ, 199 South Changan Rd, Xian 710062, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Pi, Z.] K;Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology (Ministry of Education), No. 199 South Chang’an Road, Yanta District, Shaanxi Province, China
关键词：
Deictic gestures;Adults and children;Video lectures;Eye movements;Learning experience;Learning performance
