摘要：
Building envelope dampness exposure is correlated with children's respiratory and allergic diseases. However, little research has compared the variation in the health impact of dampness exposure across multiple cities from a longitudinal perspective. A cross-sectional survey and a repeated one were conducted in children's residences in six cities: Chongqing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha and Taiyuan, China, in 2010 (Phase I) and 2019 (Phase II). We selected 17,810 preschoolers during Phase I and 26,001 preschoolers during Phase II aged 3–6 years without changing residence since birth in the study. The proportion of residences with building envelope dampness exposure and the prevalence of respiratory and allergic diseases, except allergic rhinitis, in preschoolers significantly declined from Phase I to Phase II. Dampness exposure increased the risk for most childhood respiratory diseases in Phase II, with a 34% greater risk of lifetime-ever asthma in early residences and a 36% greater risk of current eczema in current residences. Most diseases showed a significantly positive exposure-response relationship to the cumulative period of building envelope dampness exposure (p < 0.05). The risk of developing current eczema was approximately 1.35 and 1.73 times higher in children exposed to both early and current dampness in Phase I and Phase II, respectively, than in children who had never been exposed. These findings provide new insights into the respiratory and allergic diseases in Chinese preschoolers because of building envelope dampness exposure over the last decade. The increased risk in Phase II raises concerns about the household's dampness environment.
作者机构：
[Wu, H; Wu, Hua; Li, Yan-Peng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Zhi-Pang; Li, Yan-Peng; Xiao, Wen] Dali Univ, Inst Eastern Himalaya Biodivers Res, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Zhi-Pang; Yang, Yin; Pan, Ru-Liang; Li, Yan-Peng; Xiao, Wen] Dali Univ, Int Ctr Biodivers & Primate Conservat, Dali 671003, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Yin] Yunnan Univ, Inst Int Rivers & Ecosecur, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China.;[He, Xiao-Bin; He, Xin-Ming] Adm Baimaxueshan Natl Nat Reserve, Diqing 674500, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, H ] C;[Cui, LW ] S;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Southwest Forestry Univ, Key Lab Wildlife Conservat Minimal Populat Univ Yu, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rhinopithecus bieti;sexual bimaturism;environmental adaptation;multilevel social organization;sexual selection
摘要：
Sexual dimorphism widely exists in animals and is reflected in different forms; of these, body mass dimorphism is the most prominent. Studies on the development and adaptation mechanism of sexual dimorphism in body mass can help us to understand how animals adapt to their environment via sexual dimorphism. As this has not been widely reported in Rhinopithecus, this study explores the ontogenetic development pattern of sexual dimorphism in the body mass of R. bieti, and interprets the causes resulting in extreme sexual dimorphism. The results showed that a significant dimorphism appears when females enter the reproductive period, reaching the maximum when males are mature for reproduction. It was determined that a period of decline begins after 8 years of age, and that males had a longer growth period than females. The large sexual dimorphism in body mass in R. bieti can be explained by both Bergmann's and Rensch's rules; however, the females' choice for males may not be significantly related to it. Overall, environmental adaptation, a distinctive alimentary system, and complex social structure have allowed R. bieti to have remarkable sexual dimorphism in body mass compared to other colobines. This study will undoubtedly highlight the same issues on the other 26 primate species in China, particularly the colobines, which will enrich research designs and enlarge research focus on China's primatology.Sexual dimorphism exists widely in animals, manifesting in different forms, such as body size, color, shape, unique characteristics, behavior, and sound. Of these, body mass dimorphism is the most obvious. Studies of evolutionary and ontogenetic development and adaptation mechanisms of animals' sexual dimorphism in body mass (SDBM), allow us to understand how environment, social group size, diet, and other external factors have driven the selection of sexual dimorphism. There are fewer reports of the ontogenetic development of sexual dimorphism in body mass in Rhinopithecus. This study explores the ontogenetic development pattern of SDBM in wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (R. bieti), and the causes resulting in extreme sexual dimorphism compared to other colobines. A significant dimorphism with a ratio of 1.27 (p < 0.001) appears when females enter the reproductive period around six years old, reaching a peak (1.85, p < 0.001) when males become sexually mature. After the age of eight, the SDBM falls to 1.78, but is still significant (p < 0.001). The results also indicate that males had a longer body mass growth period than females (8 years vs. 5 years); females in larger breeding units had a significantly higher SDBM than those in smaller ones (2.12 vs. 1.93, p < 0.01). A comparative analysis with other colobines further clarifies that Rhinopithecus and Nasalis, which both have multilevel social organization, have the highest degree of SDBM among all colobines. The large SDBM in R. bieti can be explained through Bergman's and Rensch's rules. Overall, environmental adaptation, a distinctive alimentary system, and a complex social structure contribute to R. bieti having such a remarkable SDBM compared to other colobines. In addition, we found that females' choice for males may not be significantly related to the development of SDBM.
摘要：
Native ethylene‐producing cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides is hybridized with indium phosphide) nanomaterial via a self‐assembly strategy, and the resulting biohybrid system achieved high photosynthetic ethylene production. Advanced analytical techniques revealed that an InP‐modulated photosystem I activity underlined the augmented ethylene production of the biohybrid cyanobacterium. Abstract Biomanufacturing of ethylene is particularly important for modern society. Cyanobacterial cells are able to photosynthesize various valuable chemicals. A promising platform for next‐generation biomanufacturing, the semiconductor‐cyanobacterial hybrid systems are capable of enhancing the solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency. Herein, the native ethylene‐producing capability of a filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides is confirmed experimentally. The self‐assembly characteristic of N. sphaeroides is exploited to facilitate its interaction with InP nanomaterial, and the resulting biohybrid system gave rise to further elevated photosynthetic ethylene production. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence measurement and metabolic analysis, the InP nanomaterial‐augmented photosystem I activity and enhanced ethylene production metabolism of biohybrid cells are confirmed, the mechanism underlying the material‐cell energy transduction as well as nanomaterial‐modulated photosynthetic light and dark reactions are established. This work not only demonstrates the potential application of semiconductor‐N. sphaeroides biohybrid system as a good platform for sustainable ethylene production but also provides an important reference for future studies to construct and optimize nano‐cell biohybrid systems for efficient solar‐driven valuable chemical production.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Jian-Feng; Chu, Hui-Hui; Liao, Dan; Tong, Yi-Kai; Liu, Ying-Ying; Ren, Feng] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Guang-Jing] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Seed Design, Wuhan Bot Garden, CAS Key Lab Plant Germplasm Enhancement & Specialt, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Minist Agr, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Oil Crops, Oil Crops Res Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Feng Ren] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
摘要：
The members of PHOSPHATE 1 (PHO1) family play important roles in plant phosphate (Pi) transport and adaptation to Pi deficiency. The functions of PHO1 family proteins have been reported in several plant species, with the exception of Brassica species. Here, we identified 23, 23, and 44 putative PHO1 family genes in Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Brassica napus by whole genome analysis, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis divided PHO1 family proteins into eight groups, which represented the orthologous relationships among PHO1 members. The gene structure and the conserved motif analysis indicated that the most PHO1 family genes had similar gene structures and the PHO1 proteins shared mutual conserved motifs. The chromosome distribution analysis showed that the majority of BnPHO1 family genes distributed analogously at chromosomes with BrPHO1 and BoPHO1 family genes. The data showed that PHO1 family genes were highly conserved during evolution from diploid to tetraploid. Furthermore, the expression analysis showed that PHO1 family genes had different expression patterns in plant tissues, suggesting the diversity of gene functions in Brassica species. Meanwhile, the expression analysis also revealed that some PHO1 family genes were significantly responsive to Pi deficiency, suggesting that PHO1 family genes play critical roles in Pi uptake and homeostasis under low Pi stress. Altogether, the characteristics of PHO1 family genes provide a reliable groundwork for further dissecting their functions in Brassica species.
摘要：
The successful establishment of seedlings is very important for plant regeneration, but it is vulnerable to many factors at this stage. Cotyledon damage will directly affect the health of seedlings, thus affecting the regeneration of the plant population. However, little is known about the effects of different cotyledon loss degrees of large and small seeds on seedling growth. We investigated the effects of 1/4 (light excision), 1/2 (moderate excision), and complete excision of cotyledons (heavy excision) on the growth characteristics of seedlings germinating from different sizes of seeds. The results showed that (1) shoot height, basal stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, specific leaf area, and biomass were significantly higher in large-seeded seedlings than in small-seeded seedlings; (2) slight cotyledon excision had no effect on the biomass of large-seeded seedlings but significantly reduced the biomass of small-seeded seedlings. Our study highlights that large-seeded seedlings are more tolerant than small-seeded seedlings in the early seedling recruitment, suggesting that large-seeded seedlings have a strong fitness for recruitment in young populations of Q. wutaishanica.
摘要：
Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized control of some major pests. However, more than 25 cases of field-evolved practical resistance have reduced the efficacy of transgenic crops producing crystalline (Cry) Bt proteins, spurring adoption of alternatives including crops producing the Bt vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa. Although practical resistance to Vip3Aa has not been reported yet, better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to Vip3Aa is urgently needed to proactively monitor, delay, and counter pest resistance. This is especially important for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which has evolved practical resistance to Cry proteins and is one of the world's most damaging pests. Here, we report the identification of an association between downregulation of the transcription factor gene SfMyb and resistance to Vip3Aa in S. frugiperda. Results from a genome-wide association study, fine-scale mapping, and RNA-Seq identified this gene as a compelling candidate for contributing to the 206-fold resistance to Vip3Aa in a laboratory-selected strain. Experimental reduction of SfMyb expression in a susceptible strain using RNA interference (RNAi) or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing decreased susceptibility to Vip3Aa, confirming that reduced expression of this gene can cause resistance to Vip3Aa. Relative to the wild-type promoter for SfMyb, the promoter in the resistant strain has deletions and lower activity. Data from yeast one-hybrid assays, genomics, RNA-Seq, RNAi, and proteomics identified genes that are strong candidates for mediating the effects of SfMyb on Vip3Aa resistance. The results reported here may facilitate progress in understanding and managing pest resistance to Vip3Aa.
作者机构：
[Peng, Yan; Peng, Jie; Xiao, Yutao; Shan, Yinxue; Jin, Minghui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen Branch,Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr,Key Lab Gene Edit, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Yan; Peng, Jie] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Huihui; Liu, Kaiyu] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Entomol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, YT ] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen, Shenzhen Branch,Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr,Key Lab Gene Edit, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The rapid evolution of resistance in agricultural pest poses a serious threat to global food security. However, the mechanisms of resistance through metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we found that a GST gene cluster was strongly selected in North China (NTC) population, and it was significantly genetically-linked to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Knockout of the GST cluster using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased the sensitivity of the knockout strain to lambda-cyhalothrin. Haplotype analysis revealed no non-synonymous mutations or structural variations in the GST cluster, whereas GST_119 and GST_121 were significantly overexpressed in the NTC population. Silencing of GST_119 or co-silencing of GST_119 and GST_121 with RNAi significantly increased larval sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin. We also identified additional GATAe transcription factor binding sites in the promoter of NTC_GST_119. Transient expression of GATAe in Hi5 cells activated NTC_GST_119 and Xinjiang (XJ)_GST_119 transcription, but the transcriptional activity of NTC_GST_119 was significantly higher than that of XJ_GST_119. These results demonstrate that variations in the regulatory region result in complex expression changes in the GST cluster, which enhances lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in field-populations. This study deepens our knowledge of the evolutionary mechanism of pest adaptation under environmental stress and provides potential targets for monitoring pest resistance and integrated management. A glutathione S-transferase gene cluster in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, contributes to natural insecticide resistance in this agricultural pest.
摘要：
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), used as a plasticizer, is of wide concern as an environmental pollutant since it has certain immunotoxicity. Although there is growing evidence supporting a link between DBP exposure and allergic airway inflammation, there is less information concerned with whether the ferroptosis pathway is involved in DBP-aggravated allergic asthma in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in DBP-exposed allergic asthmatic mice. Balb/c mice were orally exposed to 40mg/kg(-1) DBP for 28 days, followed by sensitization with OVA and seven consecutive challenges with nebulized OVA. We analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), immunoglobulins, inflammation and pulmonary histopathology, to investigate whether DBP exacerbates allergic asthma in OVA-induced mice. We also measured the biomarkers of ferroptosis (Fe(2+), GPX4, PTGS2), proteins related to the ferroptosis pathway (VEGF, IL-33, HMGB1, SLC7A11, ALOX15, PEBP1), and indices of lipid peroxidation (ROS, Lipid ROS, GSH, MDA, 4-HNE), to explore the role of ferroptosis in DBP+OVA mice. Finally, we used ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) as an antagonist against the harmful effects of DBP. The results showed that, DBP+OVA mice had a significant increase in AHR, airway wall remodeling and airway inflammation. Further, we showed that DBP aggravated allergic asthma via ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation, and that Fer-1 inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated the pulmonary toxicity of DBP. These results suggest that ferroptosis participates in the exacerbation of allergic asthma resulting from oral exposure to DBP, highlighting a novel pathway for the connection between DBP and allergic asthma.
作者机构：
[Yang, Lijian; Zhan, Xuan; Jia, Ya; Yu, Dong] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Ziying] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ya Jia] D;Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
关键词：
Logical stochastic resonance;Ionic energy consumption;Ion channel noise;Stochastic Hodgkin–Huxley neuron
摘要：
In this work, we reported a new way to design logic circuits. The output of a stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron system can be continuously mapped to a specific logic gate operation, logical stochastic resonance occurs. The energy consumption of neurons was estimated by the equivalent circuit of the HH model. It is found that reliable logic operations can be obtained with low energy consumption in the neuronal system, the HH neurons are excellent building blocks for logic circuits. The underlying mechanisms are intuitively interpreted using bifurcation and phase plane diagrams. The reliability of logic gates is based on the transition between the two steady states (resting and spiking) of the neuron. According to this mechanism, methods to improve the reliability of logical operations can be obtained. In this paper, a neuronal network is constructed to obtain more reliable logic operations. Synaptic currents modulate the logical operational performance of neuronal networks by regulating the mean switching time between steady states. Finally, we discuss the possible schemes for enhancing the reliability of logic gates. The obtained findings may provide a novel perspective for the design of new logic devices.
作者机构：
[Yang, Decai; Zhang, Bin; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Li, Chenxi; Nie, Guohui; Yang, DC; Fang, Xueyang] Shenzhen Univ, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Inst Translat Med,Guangdong Key Lab Biome, Shenzhen 518035, Peoples R China.;[Lo, Wai-Sum; Wong, Wing-Tak; Lui, Kwok-Ho; Gu, Yanjuan; Li, Xin; Wong, WT; Fang, Xueyang; Gu, YJ] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xianlin] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Shenzhen Hosp, Canc Ctr, Shenzhen 518000, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xianlin] Jinan Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Inst Clin Med, Guangzhou 510632, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Lijun] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, B ; Yang, DC] S;[Jiang, LJ ] C;[Gu, YJ; Wong, WT ] H;Shenzhen Univ, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Inst Translat Med,Guangdong Key Lab Biome, Shenzhen 518035, Peoples R China.;Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Dual single-atom catalysts;Tumor microenvironment;H2O2 activation;Hypoxia alleviation;Synergistic cancer therapy
摘要：
Tumor therapy employing metal-based nanomaterials to convert the abundant H2O2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) to oxygen (O2) and hydroxy radical (& BULL;OH) has attracted substantial attention. However, the generally complex structure of metal nanosystems may have poor catalytic selectivity towards the target and hence cause undesired side reactions. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high atomic utilization, composition of identical active site and tunable reaction pathway can be harnessed to realize the well-controlled and highly-selective conversion of H2O2 for cancer therapy. Herein, a series of dual single-atom catalysts (DSACs) containing two metal centers (Fe-Se6, Mn-Se6) are proposed. As guided by theoretical calculations, DSACs with equal proportions of Fe and Mn (termed as Fe/Mn@PSe3) exhibit the optimal reaction barriers towards the production of both & BULL;OH and O2 by catalyzing H2O2. In response to the elevated TME H2O2, Fe/Mn@PSe3 can produce & BULL;OH to trigger chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and boost O2 generation to alleviate tumor hypoxia and its mediated immunosuppression. In addition, its mild hyperthermia feature enhances the anti-tumor effects of CDT and immune therapy, causing an efficient synergistic tumor suppression outcome. The study provides new insights into highly selective nanomaterial design that preferentially activating specific catalytic processes within tumor, functioning as promising candidates for cancer therapy.
作者机构：
[Yu-tong ZHANG; Yang LIU] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China;[Hang-wei LIU] Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, P.R.China;Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R.China;[Song CAO] Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, P.R.China<&wdkj&>Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R.China;[Bin LI; Gui-rong WANG] State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China<&wdkj&>Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, P.R.China
摘要：
Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly destructive pest that has become a global problem due to its robust reproductive and migratory capabilities. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which constitute a vast ion channel family, play pivotal roles in sensing the external environment and maintaining internal homeostasis in insects. TRP channels have been widely investigated for their critical roles in regulating various insect behaviors in recent years. In this study, we identified 15 TRP gene loci encoding 26 transcripts in the genome of S. frugiperda and analyzed their expression profiles at different developmental stages. The results revealed that S. frugiperda possesses four TRPC genes, six TRPA genes, one TRPM gene, two TRPV genes, one TRPN gene, and one TRPML gene, while a canonical TRPP is absent. Moreover, the SfruTRPA1 was functionally characterized using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. The results showed that SfruTRPA1 is activated by temperature increases from 20 to 45°C, and there is no significant desensitization after repeated stimuli within the same temperature range. Additionally, SfruTRPA1 is activated by certain natural chemicals, including allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and cinnamaldehyde (CA). These findings provide valuable insights to the TRP genes in S. frugiperda.
摘要：
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development and regulate many important agronomic traits. However, the functions of BRs in strawberry are unclear. This study identified two mutants, named P6 and R87, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from EMS mutagenesis populations that exhibit narrow leaves, petals and sepals. Mapping by sequencing and genetic studies revealed that the F. vesca CYP734A129, encoding a putative BR catabolic enzyme, is the causative gene for both P6 and R87. Overexpression of CYP734A129 in both F. vesca and Arabidopsis causes a severe dwarf phenotype, and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) protein is less abundant in the CYP734A129-overexpressing Arabidopsis seedlings. This suggests that CYP734A129 is functionally conserved with CYP734A1, as a BR-inactivating enzyme. Transcriptome analysis of young leaves revealed that four BR biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated in P6 (cyp734a129), and photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched among the up-regulated genes in P6 compared to the wild type. This further supports that CYP734A129 inactivates BRs in F. vesca. Furthermore, we showed that mutations in CYP734A129 do not affect fruit shape and color during ripening in strawberry. Overall, our results suggest that F. vesca CYP734A129 is a BR catabolic enzyme, and provide insights into the roles of CYP734A129 in strawberry.
