作者机构：
[Wang, Fuxing; Tong, Yu] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Danovitch, Judith; Williams, Allison] Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.;[Li, Hui] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Educ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, FX; Li, Hui] Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu St,Tianjiabing BLDG, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, FX; Li, H] C;Cent China Normal Univ, 152 Luoyu St,Tianjiabing BLDG, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cartoon characters;Familiarity;Food rejection;Selective trust;Testimony;Theory of mind
摘要：
Young children learn about the properties of foods, such as taste and healthiness, from others. By using selective trust tasks in which a familiar cartoon character and an unfamiliar informant provided different testimony about food safety, this study examined how an informant's familiarity affected 4- to 6-year-old children's selective social learning about food safety. In Experiment 1, when judging the safety of foods from the familiar cartoon character and the unfamiliar character, children across all age groups showed a preference for asking the familiar character for information. For endorse questions, 4- and 5-year-olds did not consistently accept or reject either character's statements, while 6-year-olds endorsed the unfamiliar cartoon character's statements more often than the familiar character's statements. In Experiment 2, when the unfamiliar informant was a real adult instead of a fictional cartoon character, children sought out information from the familiar character more often than from the adult, and they did not differentially endorse statements by either informant. Moreover, children who had less advanced theory of mind skills and who viewed cartoon characters as more real were more likely to ask the cartoon character. These results suggest that although children prefer to obtain information from familiar characters, they accept information about food safety from multiple kinds of sources and their social-cognitive skills play a role in their decisions.
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE,2020年14:565445 ISSN：1662-5161
通讯作者：
Wang, Wei
作者机构：
[Wang, Wei; Qu, Hang; Zhao, Yi] Yangzhou Univ, Affiliated Hosp, Med Imaging Ctr, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Hui] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Educ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Jiahao] Boise State Univ, Ctr Orthoped & Biomech Res, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Wei] Y;Yangzhou Univ, Affiliated Hosp, Med Imaging Ctr, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
关键词：
structural MRI;Surface-based morphometry;Surface-based vertex analysis;Multi-Modal;Children;sensorineural hearing loss
摘要：
Profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an auditory disability associated with auditory and cognitive dysfunction. Due to distinct pathogenesis, some associated structural and functional changes within the brain have been investigated in previous studies, but whole-brain structural alterations are incompletely understood. We extended the exploration of neuroanatomic differences in whole-brain structure in children with profound SNHL who are primarily users of Chinese sign language (CSL). We employed surface-based morphometry (SBM) and subcortical analyses. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of 26 children with profound SNHL and 27 age- and sex-matched children with normal hearing were analyzed. Compared with the normal control (NC) group, children with profound SNHL showed diverse structural changes in surface-based and subcortical analyses, including decreased cortical thickness in the left postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, precuneus, the right transverse temporal gyri, and the middle temporal gyrus; a noticeable increase in the Local Gyrification Index (LGI) in the left precuneus and superior parietal lobule; and diverse changes in gray-matter volume (GMV) in different brain regions. Surface-based vertex analyses revealed regional contractions in the right thalamus, putamen, pallidum, and the brainstem of children with profound SNHL when compared with those in the NC group. Volumetric analyses showed decreased volumes of the right thalamus and pallidum in children with profound SNHL. Our data suggest that children with profound SNHL are associated with diffuse cerebral dysfunction to cortical and subcortical nuclei, and revealed neuroplastic reorganization in the precuneus, superior parietal lobule, and temporal gyrus. Our study provides robust evidence for changes in connectivity and structure in the brain associated with hearing loss.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH,2019年62(2):307-317 ISSN：1092-4388
通讯作者：
Chen, Liang
作者机构：
[Gong, Huina; Lei, Jianghua] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Liang] Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Liang] U;Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
摘要：
Purpose The study was designed primarily to determine if the use of hearing aids (HAs) in individuals with hearing impairment in China would affect their speechreading performance. Method Sixty-seven young adults with hearing impairment with HAs and 78 young adults with hearing impairment without HAs completed newly developed Chinese speechreading tests targeting 3 linguistic levels (i.e., words, phrases, and sentences). Results Groups with HAs were more accurate at speechreading than groups without HA across the 3 linguistic levels. For both groups, speechreading accuracy was higher for phrases than words and sentences, and speechreading speed was slower for sentences than words and phrases. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between years of HA use and the accuracy of speechreading performance; longer HA use was associated with more accurate speechreading. Conclusions Young HA users in China have enhanced speechreading performance over their peers with hearing impairment who are not HA users. This result argues against the perceptual dependence hypothesis that suggests greater dependence on visual information leads to improvement in visual speech perception.
作者机构：
[Gong, Huina; Lei, Jianghua] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Liang] Univ Georgia, Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
通讯机构：
[Lei, Jianghua] C;[Chen, Liang] U;Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Univ Georgia, Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
会议名称：
17th Conference of the International-Clinical-Phonetics-and-Linguistics-Association (ICPLA)
会议时间：
OCT 23-25, 2018
会议地点：
Saint Julians, MALTA
会议主办单位：
[Gong, Huina;Lei, Jianghua] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.^[Chen, Liang] Univ Georgia, Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
关键词：
Mandarin Chinese;Speechreading;hearing impairment;linguistic complexity;speech training
摘要：
Speechreading contributes significantly to effective communication, and persons with hearing impairment (HI) may need to rely more on speechreading. However, whether they may benefit from training/practice to improve their speechreading performance remains unclear. In this study, we examine the effect of speech training on speechreading performance of children with HI in China, and how such effect, if any, may be influenced by age. Fifty-nine HI children with speech training experiences, and fifty-eight HI children without speech training experiences completed tasks measuring their ability to speechread Chinese at the linguistic levels of words, phrases, and sentences. The children ranged from 7 to 14 years old, and were divided into four age groups by two-year age intervals. Both accuracy rate and response time data were collected. Results revealed three findings: (1) HI children with speech training experiences speechread more accurately but more slowly than those without speech training experiences; (2) while speechreading performance generally improved with age, age didn't alter the relative performance between the two groups; and (3) speechreading performance was best for phrases, and worst for sentences. These findings suggest that HI children benefit from speech training to improve their speechreading performance, and their speechreading performance is influenced by age, linguistic level, and the specific measure used.
作者机构：
[Chen, Liang] Univ Georgia, Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.;[Lei, Jianghua] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Liang] U;Univ Georgia, Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
