摘要：
The Zhou Dynasty established a expostulation system for the collection and management of social and political opinions. Through various admonitions,the emperor and the princes could understand the aspirations of the people and educate people. The expostulation system includes the following things: Lords offering poems,historiographer offering books,and courtiers offering admonitions and other institutional arrangements. All these elements have a very clear political indoctrination purposes. Therefore,the production and consumption of poetry in the system is a kind of duty behavior. In the early Zhou Dynasty,ode is actually admonition. From the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty,bianfeng( 变 风) and bianya( 变雅) are not only a continuation of the expostulation system but also brewing breakthrough in the development of poetry. In the midSpring and Autumn Period,Lu Song( 鲁颂) was regarded as bian song( 变颂),which marks the end of offering poems and understanding politics. Besides historical records of the Zhou Dynasty,historiographers of the Zhou Dynasty complied Yu shu( 虞书),Xia shu( 夏书) and Shang shu( 商书) because the system arrangements require historiographers to perform at any time to the emperor with the duties of the past experience of the ruling.In the Zhou Dynasty expostulation system,the emperor gains political opinions of commoners from Shi( 士) to remedy the fault. Courtiers around the emperor could make recommendations to the emperor,so as to make politics more perfect. These institutional arrangements promote the emergence and development of the novel.
关键词：
《穆天子传》;明代中后期;王世贞;“白云谣”;明乐府;西王母故事;opinion leader the Biography of King Mu the middle and the late Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen Bai Yunyao YueFu（乐府）in the Ming Dynasty story of Xiwangmu
摘要：
The reading public of the Biography of King Mu（《穆 天 子 传》）,represented by the ＂opinion leader＂Wang Shizhen（王世贞）,has been formed in Jiajing（嘉靖）and Wanli（万历）period.It was furthering the spread ofthe Biography of King Mu,by the ways of recommending,studing and creativing practice,then started the agitation of reading,discussion in intellectuals.Exploring the social reasons,three reasons can be found：the Emperor＇s praising the Taoism;booming of the belief of Xiwangmu（西 王 母）and developed printing industry in Ming Dynasty.Two transmission bias were formmed in the process of transmission：Intellectuals,especially the classicist school poets,put attentions to those poems,such as Bai Yunyao（白云谣）and and Wong Chuk（黄竹）and so on,and applied it to the poetry innovation;The stories of Mu Tianzi（穆天子）which were create by the intellectual and mix nourished trace of the Xiwangmu,are popular in people.And the two bias were overlap in the event of King mu ‘s visit Xiwangmu.Thus,the audiences,who have not read the Biography of King Mu,were thought that the theme of it is about about Xiwangmu,but it is a illusion.Meanwhile,the two bias have also affected the writing of literary history and the modern people＇s perception of the book.
摘要：
Story-writer originated from Paigua n(officials of low ranks) in Hanzhi(Hejaz), which exerted a profound influence on the development of Chinese ancient novels, but modern scholars hold different views.YU Jiaxi believed that Paiguan was a minor official in his work Storywriter Derived from Low-ranking Officials. Newly unearthed Qin-Han bamboo Slips indicate that Paiguan refers to the head of a county and its attached officials, and classical works also confirm that Paiguan was a generic name for minor officials, not limited to the Emperor's scholars. The pronunciation of the character 稗(bai) was 排(pai) in ancient times. In Qin-Han Period, Ou Yu(talking or whispering) was Pai 稗, but in the Western Zhou Dynasty, it retained two systems: one was the Suggestion and Criticism system and the other was the Public Management system. Story-writer had been changed into the lowranking officials who provided services for princes, dukes and ministers in Spring and Autumn Period, and Shi Kuang was a representative. The idea that Story-writer stemed from low- ranking officials uncovered the identity link between storywriters and other professions, and furthermore, it also revealed the stylistic connection between the novels and ballads, odes, jokes, fables.As a comedian was one type of low- ranking officials, comic novels have been a direction of novel development.
摘要：
Japanese scholars cite the content of the Biography of King Mu（穆天子传）in their poetry,not only because they have payed attention to learning Selected Works of Zhao Ming（昭明文选）and Li Shans annotation on Selected Works of Zhao Ming,but also because they directly read the Biography of King Mu.This paper finds that the Selected Works of Zhao Mingannotating by Li Shan was introduced into Japan through Silla,not from the Tang Dynasty directly.And it also believes that the Biography of King Mu probably was taken into Japan by Japanese monks being to China in the Tang and Sui Dynasty and overseas students then.Based on the analysis mentioned above,it regards that the time of the introduction of the Biography of King Mu into Japan is between the twentieth year of Emperor Wen in the Sui Dynasty（600）,in this year Shoto Kutaishi first sending Japanese students to China,and the year of the death of JitōTenno（702）.The specific time of the introduction is difficult to testify.
