摘要：
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is renowned for its bioconversion of organic waste into a sustainable source of animal feed. We report a high-quality genome of 1.1 Gb and a consensus set of 16,770 gene models for this beneficial species. Compared to those of other dipteran species, the BSF genome has undergone a substantial expansion in functional modules related to septic adaptation, including immune system factors, olfactory receptors, and cytochrome P450s. We further profiled midgut transcriptomes and associated microbiomes of BSF larvae fed with representative types of organic waste. We find that the pathways related to digestive system and fighting infection are commonly enriched and that Firmicutes bacteria dominate the microbial community in BSF across all diets. To extend its potential practical applications, we further developed an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approach and implemented this to yield flightless and enhanced feeding capacity phenotypes, both of which could expand BSF production capabilities. Our study provides valuable genomic and technical resources for optimizing BSF lines for industrialization.
期刊：
Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions,2019年5(1):671-684 ISSN：2352-8737
通讯作者：
Tong, Z.
作者机构：
[Chunli Duan; Ge Gao; Hui Yang] Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;[Dehua Cui; Jun Yang; Aibo Wang; Rui Wang] Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China;Corresponding author. Tel: +86-010-83950362;Fax: +86-010-83950363.;∗Corresponding author. Tel: 604-822-8019
通讯机构：
[Weihong Song; Hongbin Han] D;[Zhiqian Tong] L;Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China<&wdkj&>Corresponding author. Tel: +86-010-83950362;Fax: +86-010-83950363.<&wdkj&>∗Corresponding author. Tel: 604-822-8019;Fax: 604-822-7981.<&wdkj&>∗∗Corresponding author. Tel: +86-010-82266972
关键词：
Red light (RL);Alzheimer's disease (AD);Amyloid β (Aβ);Formaldehyde (FA);Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH);Extracellular space (ECS);Interstitial fluid (ISF)
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Pharmacological therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) targeting “Aβ” have failed for over 100 years. Low levels of laser light can disassemble Aβ. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms that Aβ‐blocked extracellular space (ECS) induces memory disorders in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and addressed whether red light (RL) at 630 nm rescues cognitive decline by reducing Aβ‐disturbed flow of interstitial fluid (ISF).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We compared the heating effects on the brains of rats illuminated with laser light at 630, 680, and 810 nm for 40 minutes, respectively. Then, a light‐emitting diode with red light at 630 nm (LED‐RL) was selected to illuminate AD mice. The changes in the structure of ECS in the cortex were examined by fluorescent double labeling. The volumes of ECS and flow speed of ISF were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Spatial memory behaviors in mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze. Then, the brains were sampled for biochemical analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>RL at 630 nm had the least heating effects than other wavelengths associated with ~49% penetration ratio into the brains. For the molecular mechanisms, Aβ could induce formaldehyde (FA) accumulation by inactivating FA dehydrogenase. Unexpectedly, in turn, FA accelerated Aβ deposition in the ECS. However, LED‐RL treatment not only directly destroyed Aβ assembly <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> but also activated FA dehydrogenase to degrade FA and attenuated FA‐facilitated Aβ aggregation. Subsequently, LED‐RL markedly smashed Aβ deposition in the ECS, recovered the flow of ISF, and rescued cognitive functions in AD mice.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Aβ‐obstructed ISF flow is the direct reason for the failure of the developed medicine delivery from superficial into the deep brain in the treatment of AD. The phototherapy of LED‐RL improves memory by reducing Aβ‐blocked ECS and suggests that it is a promising noninvasive approach to treat AD.</jats:p></jats:sec>
摘要：
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain Ra1(T), was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding lower termite, Reticulitermes aculabialis. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Chryseobacterium rigui JCM 18078(T) (96.7% similarity). Growth was observed at 15-45 degrees C (optimum 30 degrees C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0) and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain Ra1(T) was 39.9 mol%. Cells contained menaquinone MK-6 as the sole respiratory quinone and the major fatty acids were iso-C-15 (:) (0), iso-C-17 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C(16 : 1 omega)6c and/or C-16 : 1 omega 7c) and summed feature 9 (comprising C-16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C-17 : (1)omega 9c). The predominant polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The cellular polar lipids consisted of one phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic studies, it is concluded that strain Ra1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium reticulitermitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ra1(T) (=CCTCC AB 2015431(T) = KCTC 52230(T)).
作者：
Yang, Shu Yan;Zheng, Ying;Huang, Zhou;Wang, Xue Min;Yang, Hong*
期刊：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY,2016年66(1):518-522 ISSN：1466-5026
通讯作者：
Yang, Hong
作者机构：
[Yang, Hong; Yang, Shu Yan; Wang, Xue Min; Zheng, Ying] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Entomol, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Zhou] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, State Key Lab Microbial Resources, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Zhou] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing M19T, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, Hong] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Entomol, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
2015年中国微生物学会学术年会
会议时间：
2015-10-23
会议地点：
宜昌
会议主办单位：
中国微生物学会
会议论文集名称：
2015年中国微生物学会学术年会论文集
关键词：
bacterial DNA;fatty acid;RNA 16S;animal;bacterial gene;bacterium identification;chemistry;China;classification;DNA base composition;DNA sequence;genetics;isolation and purification;Isoptera;Lactococcus;microbiology;molecular genetics;phylogeny;Animals;Bacterial Typing Techniques;Base Composition;China;DNA, Bacterial;Fatty Acids;Genes, Bacterial;Isoptera;Lactococcus;Molecular Sequence Data;Phylogeny;RNA, Ribosomal, 16S;Sequence Analysis, DNA
摘要：
Bacterial strain M19(T) was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, Nasutitermes hainanensis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain M19(T) was related to members of the genus Lactococcus, with sequence similarities ranging from 84.8 to 95.5 %. Comparison of housekeeping gene ropB sequences revealed that strain M19(T) was well separated from Lactococcus fujiensis JCM 16395(T) and Lactococcus hircilactis 117(T). The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and non-motile. Cells were coccoid or ovoid-shaped, and occurred singly, in pairs or as short chains. Growth of strain M19(T) occurred at 10-40 degrees C and at pH 5.0-7.5. The DNA G + C content of strain M19(T) was 39.6 mol% and the major fatty acids were C-16 (: 0), cyclo-C-19 (:) (0)omega 8C, C-18 (:) (1)omega 9c, summed feature 7 and summed feature 8. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data presented, strain M19(T) represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus nasutitermitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M19(T) (=CGMCC 1.15204(T)=NBRC 111537(T)).
摘要：
<jats:p>Strain TS-56<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding termite, <jats:italic>Reticulitermes chinensis</jats:italic> Snyder. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a member of the genus <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="genus" xlink:type="simple">
<jats:ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.23372" xlink:type="simple">
<jats:italic>Gryllotalpicola</jats:italic>
</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content> of the family <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">
<jats:ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.6033" xlink:type="simple">
<jats:italic>Microbacteriaceae</jats:italic>
</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>, with sequence similarities to other species of the genus ranging from 96.6 % to 97.8 %. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, with light yellow colonies and irregular short rod-shaped cells (0.4–0.6 µm in diameter, 0.6–1.0 µm in length). Growth of TS-56<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> occurred at 20–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 4.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 5.0). The peptidoglycan of TS-56<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> contained ornithine, glutamic acid, alanine, homoserine and glycine. The acyl type was acetyl. The most abundant cellular fatty acid of TS-56<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> was cyclohexyl-C<jats:sub>17 : 0</jats:sub> (88.79 %). The respiratory menaquinone was MK-11. The polar lipid profile contained disphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown glycolipids. DNA of the type strain had a G+C content of 67.4 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic properties and phenotypic distinctiveness, TS-56<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> represents a novel species of the genus <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="genus" xlink:type="simple">
<jats:ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.23372" xlink:type="simple">
<jats:italic>Gryllotalpicola</jats:italic>
</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>, for which the name <jats:italic>Gryllotalpicola reticulitermitis</jats:italic> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-56<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> ( = CGMCC 1.10363<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> = NBRC 109838<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>).</jats:p>
摘要：
Termites are among the few arthropods that emit methane to the atmosphere, which is a significant source of global greenhouse gas due to their huge biomass on earth. In this study, phylogenetic diversity of Archaea of five termite species from different lineages were analyzed based on 16S rRNA genes. Archaea associated with wood-feeding lower termite, R. chinensis were exclusively Methanobrevibacter in the order Methanobacteriales. This type of methanogens was also found in Nasutitermes sp. and Microcerotermes sp. but not in the fungus-cultivating termites, Odontotermes formosanus and Macrotermes barneyi, which harbor Archaea of the order Methanoplasmatales and Methanosarcinales in their guts. Archaeal diversity of wood-feeding higher termites was higher than wood-feeding lower termites. The highest archaeal diversity was found in Nasutitermes sp. In addition to methanogens affiliated with the orders Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanoplasmatales, 37% of archaeal clones were affiliated with non-methanogenic Thaumarchaeota. The results of this study will be significant for further understanding of symbiotic relationship between intestinal microbiota and termites.
