摘要：
With the help of the polyphony of language,it can be found that the suowei(所谓)sentences have two voices:the speaker’s and the quoted person’s.The similarities and differences between the two voices correspond to the different meanings of suowei.When there is no apparent deviation between them,suowei means“so-called”.The condition for suowei to express subjective meanings such as“unconvinced”,“contemptuous”,“denying”,and“derogatory”is that the two voices deviate,either partially or completely.The suowei sentences are at the intersection of different voices,whereby suowei can be interpreted in these two ways.The subjectivization of suowei is accompanied by grammaticalization:it was already used as a quotative marker in the pre-Qin period,and it evolved its use as a quotation-type hearsay marker of evidentiality in the Song Dynasty.The evolution of suowei demonstrates both commonality with other SAY words and individuality of its own.In modern Chinese,it can be separated from the quotation and continue to be grammaticalized into a hearsay marker that only expresses the speaker’s attitude.It may also express a neutral or negative stance,depending on the speaker’s subjective viewpoint.
摘要：
The sentence pattern"děng(等)(dào(到))VP1,VP2"can be characterized as posterior event-grounded temporal compound sentence,in which the conjunction"děng(等)(dào(到))"is a connective marker that introduces the temporal antecedent clause.It has the following sentence patterns as subtypes:"děng(等)(dào(到))VP1,biàn(便)/jiù(就)VP2""děng(等)(dào(到))VP1,cái(才)VP2".In this sentence pattern,the event in the antecedent clause functions as a temporal reference,whose occurrence is immediately followed by the occurence of the event in the main clause.The antecedent clause is the temporal background and the main clause is the semantic focus.VP1 and VP2 are generally consistent in expressing past event or future event.If they express past event,the two clauses show features of perfect aspect.If they express future event,then(a)both the antecedent clause and the main clause are in future perfect tense,or(b)the antecedent clause is in future perfect tense and the main clause in simple future tense.
摘要：
The category of dummy verbs includes both typical members and atypical members, the latter of which have not attracted enough attention of current scholars. A1 though ＂Vchu＂ （出） , such as zuochu （做出/作出）, geichu （给出）, tichu （提出） and fa- chu （发出）, are atypical members, they can distribute in the same positions where typical dummy verbs appear and have the same properties as typical ones. This paper shows that ＂V chu＂ are in the process of lexicalization. Further, the critical context for lexicalization of ＂V chu＂ lies in the fact that they take disyllable verbs as their objects, and the two ways of un- derstanding provide the condition for the transition from ＂V chu＂ to dummy verbs. Based on the above analysis, this paper points out that the typical distribution frame of dummy verbs, that is, ＂preposition ＋ patient ＋__＋ disyllabic transitive verb＂, is the final context for lexicalization of ＂V chu＂.
