摘要：
Yinzhou（鄞州） dialect belongs to Yongjiang（ 甬江） sub-clusters of Taihu（太湖） cluster of the Wu（吴） group. The phonology of Yinzhou（鄞州） dialect is constructed with a certain regularity, such as follows： [η] only combines with Kaikou Hu（开口呼）; the finals with the medial glide of [u] are quite weak in their combination competence, which just combines with initials of velar and zero-initial. In addition to the common linguistical characteristics of Wu（吴） Group, Yinzhou（鄞州） dialect has the following characteristics as well： （1）Initial of [dz] is getting interblending with intial of [z]; （2）There are differences between the finals of Jian（见） group, which is [e], and the other groups, which is [e], of the first grade of Kaikou（开口） in MC Shan（d4）; （3） Nasal tail vowels in the Kaikou（开口） of MC Dang（宕）, MC Jiang（江） and the second grade of MC Geng（梗） are come off; （4） the characters of Shusheng（舒声） with voiced initials has a tendency of combination.
摘要：
In terms of grammatical features,the adverb 'conglai(从来)' in Contemporary Chinese is different from that of Middle Chinese and Modern Chinese.'Conglai(从来)' is often placed at the beginning of the sentence in Middle and Modern Chinese,but between the subject and the predicate in Contemporary Chinese;there is no obvious tendency in both the affirmative and negative usage of 'conglai(从来)' in Middle Chinese and Modern Chinese, but it is mainly used in negative sentences in Contemporary Chinese;when used in affirmative sentences,there are seldom adverbs for emphasis between 'conglai(从来)' and the predicate in Middle Chinese and Modern Chinese,but those adverbs are needed in Contemporary Chinese.In the paper,the causes of these phenomena are also discussed.
摘要：
Only a small portion of adverbs grammaticalize from nouns. This paper takes Dali（大力） and Sili（死力） as examples, and discusses a particular pattern for nouns to bleach into adverbs. We argue that the nominal Dali（大力） and Sili（死力） were frequently used as adverbials, and had subsequently acquired syntactic and semantic features of adverbs. They grammaticalized into adverbs in late Qing（清） Dynasty and Ming（明） Dynasty respectively. Although this pattern of grammaticalization is universally observed, there are still other patterns for nouns to bleach into adverbs.
摘要：
The modal adverb míngmíng（明明） has two mood expressing functions with one emphasizing the obviousness of judgment and the other the absoluteness of the fact.Both of them express strong affirmation,which is,to a certain extent,subjective in nature,but the former has a higher degree of subjectivity than the latter.The subjectivity of míngmíng becomes explicit only in specific sentences,and it is restricted by the semantic background when it is used in a sen-tence.The two different emphatic uses of míngmíng are realized against two different back-grounds.The modal adverb míngmíng derives from the ancient Chinese adjective míngmíng,as the result of the process of grammaticalization and subjectiviszation.
