作者机构：
[Tang, Ju; Huang, Shuang-Quan; Sun, Shi-Guo; Huang, SQ] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Ju] Anhui Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, SQ ] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
biodiversity hotspot;experimental sympatry;interspecific pollen flow;Pedicularis;pollen–pistil interaction;pre- and post-zygotic reproductive barriers;sister species
摘要：
Although mechanical isolation mediated by shared pollinators has been considered as a classic model of pollinator-mediated floral isolation in Pedicularis, a superdiverse genus in Hengduan Mountains, southwest China, there has been no empirical study of interspecific pollen flow between closely related species. We examined reproductive barriers at six different stages between Pedicularis cranolopha and Pedicularis tricolor, two sister species. The two sister species were geographically isolated from each other based on our field survey and the records of herbarium specimens. Translocation experiments showed that flowering phenology partly overlapped and bumblebee pollinators did not discriminate between flowers of the two species. Bumblebee interspecific moves could mediate interspecific pollination as traced using fluorescent powder, in which pollen analogs placed on one species were transferred to the stigmas of the other species in experimental plots containing both species. Heterospecific pollen tubes grew in the style as well as conspecific pollen in hand-pollination experiments. Reciprocal hybridization between the two species could produce (partially) viable seeds, suggesting weak post-pollination barriers. Our results showed that geographic isolation was an important barrier of two species, and the total reproductive isolation between two species was incomplete when without geographical isolation. The formation of Big Snow Mountains could introduce an important pre-zygotic reproductive barrier between the two sister species of Pedicularis; such geographical isolation could be responsible for allopatric speciation, giving a clue to understanding the rapid radiation on mountain areas.
作者机构：
[Fu, Ziying; Wu, Jing; Cui, Zhongdan; Zhou, Dandan; Chen, Qicai; Zhang, Guimin; Tang, Jia] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Ziying; Wu, Jing; Cui, Zhongdan; Zhou, Dandan; Chen, Qicai; Zhang, Guimin; Tang, Jia] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Long] Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410073, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fu, Ziying] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Although acoustic communication is inevitably influenced by noise, behaviorally relevant sounds are perceived reliably. The noise-tolerant and -invariant responses of auditory neurons are thought to be the underlying mechanism. So, it is reasonable to speculate that neurons with best frequency tuned to behaviorally relevant sounds will play important role in noise-tolerant perception. Echolocating bats live in groups and emit multiple harmonic signals and analyze the returning echoes to extract information about the target features, making them prone to deal with noise in their natural habitat. The echolocation signal of Hipposideros pratti usually contains 3-4 harmonics (H-1-H-4), the second harmonic has the highest amplitude and is thought to play an essential role during echolocation behavior. Therefore, it is reasonable to propose that neurons tuned to the H-2, named the H-2 neurons, can be more noise-tolerant to background noise. Taking advantage of bat's stereotypical echolocation signal and single-cell recording, our present study showed that the minimal threshold increases (12.2 dB) of H-2 neurons in the auditory midbrain were comparable to increase in bat's call intensity (14.2 dB) observed in 70 dB SPL white noise condition, indicating that the H-2 neurons could work as background noise monitor. The H-2 neurons had higher minimal thresholds and sharper frequency tuning, which enabled them to be more tolerant to background noise. Furthermore, the H-2 neurons had consistent best amplitude spikes and sharper intensity tuning in background white noise condition than in silence. Taken together, these results suggest that the H-2 neurons might account for noise-tolerant perception of behaviorally relevant sounds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Acoustic communication signals are inevitably challenged by ambient noise. In response to noise, many animals adjust their calls to maintain signal detectability. However, the mechanisms by which the auditory system adapts to the adjusted pulses are unclear. Our previous study revealed that the echolocating bat, Hipposideros pratti, increased its pulse intensity in the presence of background white noise. In vivo single-neuron recording demonstrated that the auditory midbrain neurons tuned to the second harmonic (H2 neurons) increased their minimal threshold (MT) to a similar degree as the increment of pulse intensity in the presence of the background noise. Furthermore, the H2 neurons exhibited consistent spike rates at their best amplitudes and sharper intensity tuning with background white noise compared with silent conditions. The previous data indicated that sound intensity analysis by auditory midbrain neurons was adapted to the increased pulse intensity in the same noise condition. This study further examined the echolocation pulse frequency and frequency analysis of auditory midbrain neurons with noise conditions. The data revealed that H. pratti did not shift the resting frequency in the presence of background noise. The auditory midbrain neuronal frequency analysis highly linked to processing the resting frequency with the presence of noise by presenting the constant best frequency (BF), frequency sensitivity, and frequency selectivity. Thus, our results suggested that auditory midbrain neuronal responses in background white noise are adapted to process echolocation pulses in the noise conditions.
作者机构：
[Tang, Ju; Huang, Shuang-Quan; Wu, Ting] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Quan, Qiu-Mei; Chen, Jing-Zhu] China West Normal Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Shuang-Quan] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
efficient pollinator;Epimedium pubescens;foraging behaviour;male bee;pollen removal and deposition;solitary bee
摘要：
Bees are often considered to be effective pollinators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems but could be ineffective pollinators in that they collect large quantities of pollen for food provision but deliver little to stigmas. Male bees do not collect pollen to feed larvae, and their pollination role has been underappreciated. Here we compare pollination effectiveness, visit frequency and pollen foraging behaviour between female and male individuals of a mining bee, Andrena emeishanica, visiting a nectariferous spring flower (Epimedium pubescens). Female bees were observed to forage for both pollen and nectar, but male bees foraged only for nectar. Female bees had large hairy hind tibiae with conspicuous scopae, and nearly 90% of the pollen grains they collected went onto the hind legs. Male bees removed less pollen from anthers than female bees but deposited more pollen on stigmas per visit. The higher pollen transfer efficiency of male bees was due to 48.4% of pollen grains remaining ungroomed on the thorax and abdomen, available for stigma contact, but their visitation rate to flowers was much lower. Our results indicate that male solitary bees could transfer more pollen on the stigma per visit but were less important (transferred less pollen in total, because they made fewer visits per unit time) than females.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY,2019年205(2):239-252 ISSN：0340-7594
通讯作者：
Chen, Qicai;Jen, Philip Hung-Sun
作者机构：
[Fu, Ziying; Zhou, Dandan; Chen, Qicai; Zhang, Guimin; Tang, Jia; Xu, Na] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Ziying; Zhou, Dandan; Chen, Qicai; Zhang, Guimin; Tang, Jia; Xu, Na] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Long] Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Jen, Philip Hung-Sun] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.;[Xu, Na] Peking Univ, Beijing Key Lab Behav & Mental Hlth, Sch Psychol & Cognit Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qicai] C;[Jen, Philip Hung-Sun] U;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
关键词：
Auditory signal processing;CF-FM bat;Evoked potential;FM bat;Inferior colliculus
摘要：
The auditory system of echolocating bats is adapted for processing species-specific ultrasonic signals. While FM (frequency modulation) bats are strictly sensitive to the frequency ranges of their orientation signals or prey-generated noise, CF-FM (constant frequency-FM) bats have a disproportionate number of neurons tuned to frequencies near the CF component of their orientation sounds, and most of them are on-off responders. Furthermore, the inferior collicular neurons of the CF-FM bats discharged as single-on or double-on responders to CF-FM stimuli. To further study the differences in auditory signal processing of these two types of bats, as the first step we conducted an evoked potential response study in the inferior colliculus of the CF-FM bat, Hipposideros pratti and the FM bat, Pipistrellus abramus using CF, FM and CF-FM stimuli. The results showed that the CF sounds always evoked collicular on- and off-responses in CF-FM bats, but the FM bats only had on-responses to both CF and FM sounds, indicting species-specific neural circuits. However, when stimulated with CF-FM sounds, collicular responses were evoked by both the CF and FM components from both FM and CF-FM bats, suggesting they have some generic neural circuit.
作者机构：
[Fu, Ziying; Zhou, Dandan; Chen, Qicai; Zhang, Guimin; Tang, Jia; Shi, Qing] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Ziying; Zhou, Dandan; Chen, Qicai; Zhang, Guimin; Tang, Jia; Shi, Qing] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Long] Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qicai] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Neurons;Bats;Neuronal tuning;Echolocation;Animal behavior;Behavior;Action potentials;Auditory system
摘要：
Frequency analysis is a fundamental function of the auditory system, and it is essential to study the auditory response properties using behavior-related sounds. Our previous study has shown that the inferior collicular (IC) neurons of CF-FM (constant frequency-frequency modulation) bats could be classified into single-on (SO) and double-on (DO) neurons under CF-FM stimulation. Here, we employed Pratt's roundleaf bats, Hipposideros pratti, to investigate the frequency selectivity of SO and DO neurons in response to CF and behavior-related CF-FM sounds using in vivo extracellular recordings. The results demonstrated that the bandwidths (BWs) of iso-frequency tuning curves had no significant differences between the SO and the DO neurons when stimulated by CF sounds. However, the SO neurons had significant narrower BWs than DO neurons when stimulated with CF-FM sounds. In vivo intracellular recordings showed that both SO and DO neurons had significantly shorter post-spike hyperpolarization latency and excitatory duration in response to CF-FM in comparison to CF stimuli, suggesting that the FM component had an inhibitory effect on the responses to the CF component. These results suggested that SO neurons had higher frequency selectivity than DO neurons under behavior-related CF-FM stimulation, making them suitable for detecting frequency changes during echolocation.
摘要：
Many bees are effective pollen collectors; however, pollen grains collected by bees for larval food are lost for plant sexual reproduction. Recognition of these conflicting interests between bees and flowers is essential for understanding of reproduction for both bees and flowers [1-3]. Plant defense compounds in pollen may function to reduce pollen waste by deterring ineffective pollinators [4-6], but this hypothesis remains unexamined. Here, we provide evidence that secondary metabolites in pollen function as chemical defense by deterring some bees from gathering pollen. In two Dipsacus species, a defense compound, dipsacus saponin [7], occurs in pollen but not in nectar. We observed that bumblebees disliked grooming bitter-tasting pollen with a high saponin content. Manipulation of saponin concentrations in nectar and measurements of corbicular pollen showed that the bumblebee species differed in their tolerance to saponin. Those species susceptible to saponin groomed little Dipsacus pollen into their pollen loads, and their ungroomed pollen was observed to be effectively delivered to stigmas. By rewarding bees with edible nectar, but not pollen, plants solve the conflict of pollen partitioning between sexual and reward functions. Ungroomed toxic pollen on the bee body promotes pollen transfer efficiency, facilitating pollination.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY,2018年204(7):653-665 ISSN：0340-7594
通讯作者：
Chen, Qi-Cai
作者机构：
[Fu, Zi-Ying; Chen, Qi-Cai; Peng, Kang; Wang, Xin; Tang, Jia; Yang, Ming-Jian; Wang, Jing] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Zi-Ying; Chen, Qi-Cai; Peng, Kang; Wang, Xin; Tang, Jia; Yang, Ming-Jian; Wang, Jing] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Ming-Jian] Handan Univ, Sch Life Sci & Engn, Handan 056005, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
During hunting, the duration and amplitude of bat’s echolocation sounds co-vary. Our previous studies showed the inferior collicular neurons of constant frequency-frequency modulation (CF-FM) bat discharged as single-on (SO) or double-on (DO) responders when stimulated with behavior related CF-FM sounds. However, how the co-varied sound duration and amplitude modulate the response properties of SO and DO neurons were understudied. Therefore, we investigated amplitude- and duration-sensitivity in 121 neurons isolated in the inferior colliculus of CF-FM bat, Pratt’s roundleaf bat (Hipposideros pratti). Responses of SO and DO neurons were obtained by in vivo intracellular recordings and examined for different stimulus amplitudes and durations. Our results revealed that response patterns of SO neurons were unaffected by changes in amplitude and duration of CF-FM stimuli. However, the excitability of DO neurons increased with prolonged CF duration and higher amplitude of CF-FM stimuli. These data suggested that the invariance of SO neurons play a key role in detection of Doppler shift and glint-like changes of frequency and amplitude induced by wingbeats of insects. In contrast, amplitude- and duration-sensitivity of DO neurons to CF-FM stimuli is consistent with the systematic changes in these signal parameters during sequential phases of foraging in CF-FM bats.
作者：
Wang Qiao-Chao;Kong Hui-Fang;Cheng Ya-Wen;Wang Hui-Mei;Fu Zi-Ying（付子英）;...
期刊：
生物化学与生物物理进展,2018年45(7):723-735 ISSN：1000-3282
通讯作者：
Tang Jia
作者机构：
[Tang Jia] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang Jia] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Recovery cycle;Inter-pulse interval;Doppler-shift compensation;Inferior collicular neuron;CF-FM bat
摘要：
The Doppler-shift compensation (DSC) behavior of constant frequency - frequency modulation (CF-FM) bat (Hipposideros pratti) is vital for extraction and analysis of echo information. This type of behavior affects the recovery cycles of sound-sensitive neurons, but their precise relationship remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of DSC on the recovery cycles of inferior collicular (IC) neurons in H. pratti. We simulated the pulse-echo pair in bats by changing the emitted pulse frequency and keeping the echo frequency constant during DSC in echolocation. The neuronal recovery cycles of IC neurons are categorized into four types: unrecovered, monotonic, single-peak, and multi-peak. The recovery cycle of IC neurons shortens after DSC; moreover, the amount of neurons with multi-peak recovery cycle increases and concentrates in the short recovery area. This paper also discusses the possible neural mechanisms and their biological relevance to different phases of bat predation behavior. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Qi-Cai] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In the auditory pathway, the inferior colliculus (IC) receives and integrates excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the lower auditory nuclei, contralateral IC, and auditory cortex (AC), and then uploads these inputs to the thalamus and cortex. Meanwhile, the AC modulates the sound signal processing of IC neurons, including their latency (i.e., first-spike latency). Excitatory and inhibitory corticofugal projections to the IC may shorten and prolong the latency of IC neurons, respectively. However, the synaptic mechanisms underlying the corticofugal latency modulation of IC neurons remain unclear. Thus, this study probed these mechanisms via in vivo intracellular recording and acoustic and focal electric stimulation. The AC latency modulation of IC neurons is possibly mediated by pre-spike depolarization duration, pre-spike hyperpolarization duration, and spike onset time. This study suggests an effective strategy for the timing sequence determination of auditory information uploaded to the thalamus and cortex.
摘要：
Currently, there is limited information about the relationship between manganese superoxide dismutase (sod2) c47t polymorphism and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the association between SOD2 C47T polymorphism and NIHL.
A search in PubMed and Web of Science was performed to collect data. All full-text, English-written studies containing sufficient and complete case-and-control data about the relationship between SOD2 C47T polymorphism and NIHL were included. Three eligible studies, comprising 1094 subjects, were identified. pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association between SOD2 C47T polymorphism and NIHL.
No significant association between C47T polymorphism and risk of NIHL was found with the following combinations: T vs. C (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.63–1.09); TT vs. CC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.22–1.09); CT vs. CC (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.25–1.17); TT vs. CC + CT (OR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.50–1.32); CC vs. TT + TC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.23–1.04). However, in subgroup analysis, a significant association was found for TT vs. CC + CT (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.42–1.41) in the Chinese population.
The present meta-analysis suggests that SOD2 C47T polymorphism is significantly associated with increased risk of NIHL in the Chinese population. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
Atualmente, são limitadas as informações acerca da relação entre o polimorfismo C47T de superóxido dismutase 2 (SOD2) dependente de manganês e suscetibilidade à perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído (PAIR).
O objetivo desta metanálise foi esclarecer a associação entre o polimorfismo C47T de SOD2 e PAIR.
Foi realizadas buscas no PubMed e Web of Science para coleta de dados. Foram incluídos todos os estudos no idioma inglês, contendo dados suficientes e completos de casos e controles sobre a relação entre o polimorfismo C47T de SOD2 e PAIR. Foram identificados três estudos qualificados, abrangendo 1.094 indivíduos. Foram calculadas as razões das chances (odds ratio, OR) acumuladas e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% para que fosse avaliada a potência da associação entre o polimorfismo C47T de SOD2 e PAIR.
Não foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o polimorfismo C47T de SOD2 e risco de PAIR com as seguintes combinações: T vs. C (OR = 0,83, IC 95% = 0,63-1,09); TT vs. CC (OR = 0,49, IC 95% = 0,22-1,09); CT vs. CC (OR = 0,54, IC 95% = 0,25-1,17); TT vs. CC + CT (OR = 0,82, IC 95% = 0,50-1,32); CC vs. TT + TC (OR = 0,49, IC 95% = 0,23-1,04). Contudo, na análise de subgrupo, foi encontrada uma associação significativa para TT vs. CC + CT (OR = 0,77, 95% CI = 0,42-1.41) na população chinesa.
A presente metanálise sugere que o polimorfismo C47T de SOD2 demonstra associação significativa com maior risco de PAIR na população chinesa. Há necessidade de novos estudos de grande porte bem concebidos, para confirmação dessa associação.
