摘要：
Coexistence mechanisms for species with similar ecological traits and overlapping geographic distributions are basic questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. Specific habitat requirements often limit distribution range as well as facilitate partitioning resource utilization in ecological similar species. Understanding niche segregation and differences in microhabitat utilization can contribute to identifying coexistence mechanisms between parapatric species. Feirana quadranus and F. taihangnica are two closely related frog species with parapatric geographic ranges and an elongated contact zone within the Qinling Mountains, which is an important watershed for East Asia. Here, we analysed the difference in microhabitat utilization between the two frog species and explored the key ecological factors that induced their microhabitat differentiation based on quadrats sampled in the contact zone. Our comparison of twenty environmental variables showed that both species used microhabitats with alkalescent warm water and gentle slope conditions. The principal component analysis indicated that climate-related variables, vegetation conditions, and river width were the important factors for microhabitat utilization of these species. These findings contribute to our understanding on the coexistence mechanisms of these two related and parapatric Asian mountain frog species. This study can also be helpful for identifying target habitats to conduct conservation actions and management strategies effectively in the face of environmental changes.
作者机构：
[胡宜峰; 余文华; 岳阳; 吴毅] School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, Guangzhou, 510006, China;[吴华] School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430070, China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;[刘宝权] Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Institute, Hangzhou, 310020, China
通讯机构：
[Yu, W.] S;School of Life Science, China
关键词：
毛翼管鼻蝠;性二型;资源竞争;新纪录
摘要：
哺乳动物的性别二态性( Sexual dimorphism)是动物中的一种普遍现象,常表现为雄性个体大于雌性个体,而在蝙蝠中则表现出雌性个体体型大于雄性的偏雌性二型现象,其具体的驱动机制仍未明确.本文对采集于广东、广西、江西、湖南、海南、湖北和浙江的32只毛翼管鼻蝠( Harpiocephalus harpia)进行头骨与翼型在两性特征上的多元统计分析,尝试探讨其性二型驱动机制.结果表明:毛翼管鼻蝠雌雄在头骨中与牙齿及咀嚼力相关的区域存在明显分化,而翼型(含翼指标和翼面积)在整体和局部特征上均无显著性差异,该结果提示雌雄可能存在食性上的分化,更倾向于“资源竞争假说”而非“大母蝠优势假说”.本研究于2017年7 ~ 10月分别在湖北( 3雄,2雌)和浙江( 2雄,5雌)采集12只毛翼管鼻蝠,为二省翼手目分布新纪录,该发现丰富和完善了我国翼手目分布信息.上述标本保存于广州大学华南生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室.
通讯机构：
Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrated Biology of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
作者机构：
[Yisi Hu; Tien Ming Lee; Pengfei Fan] School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, China;[Zhenhua Luo] School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China;Department of Anthropology and School of Environment, McGill University, Canada;[Michael J.Lawes] School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa;College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, China
通讯机构：
[Pengfei Fan] S;School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , China
摘要：
Although conventional wisdom considers knowledge of threatened species’ ecology and status essential for conservation, few studies demonstrate this in a quantitative way across many species and within the same political entity. Here, we evaluated the impacts of scientific research against conservation interventions (including funding) and specieslevel correlates, accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, on the conservation of 162 threatened mammal species in China. We did so at three levels: global (all scientific papers published on the species), regional (a subset of the global papers that included at least one author from a local organization) and regional conservation-related (a subset of the regional papers that focused only on ecology and conservation). In addition to protected-area coverage and certain biological traits, regional conservationrelated research emerged as an important predictor of species recovery. The same was not the case for global research. We should particularly encourage future regional research effort that has direct relevance to specific conservation issues.
作者机构：
[卢新民; 孙士国; 黄双全] Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China;School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China;[卢斌] School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
通讯机构：
[Huang, S.Q.] I;Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
摘要：
Loss of local, effective pollinators may potentially limit plant reproductive success but the plant-pollinator interactions could be rescued if the plant does not reject other pollen vectors. Firmiana kwangsiensis H.H. Hsue (Malvaceae) is an endangered tree endemic to limestone areas in South China. Although its preservation status is listed as "critically endangered", its reproductive ecology is little known. We compared floral visitors in three wild populations and one transplanted population. Such a comparison allows us to see whether the pollinator assemblage varies geographically and to examine the plasticity of plant-pollinator interactions, informing sustainable ex situ conservation. Our pollination experiments indicated that fruit/seed set in F. kwangsiensis largely depended on pollinator visits, and was greatly reduced under hand self-pollination or exclusion of bird visits. Floral visitors included sunbirds, butterflies, and bees (honeybee and wasp) but their visitation frequency varied in the four populations. The sunbird Nectarinia jugularis was the major pollinator in the three wild populations, but was replaced by the other sunbird Aethopyga christinae in the ex situ population. This tree is showy, with orange-red flowers blooming before the leaves emerge. The calyx tube accumulates a large volume of dilute nectar (sugar concentration was 9.5%) in the morning, rewarding sunbird pollinators. Our investigations indicated that sunbirds rather than insects served as a functional group of pollinators for this endangered species. Successful ex situ conservation of this type of plant needs to consider the availability of potential pollinators.
摘要：
Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between asthma and brain damage, but toxicological studies have not fully confirmed yet, especially the effects of asthma on the brain. In this sωdy， at first， we explore the effects of asthma on the brain through the establishment of an allergic asthma model. Then PM_(2.5), a typical outdoor air pollutant and formaldehyde, a typical indoor air pollutant were selected to be closer to the true environment and find whether there is any synergism between them. In this study, an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice asthma model was established. 30 male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) saline control group, (2) OVA-sensitized group, (3) OVA-combined with formaldehyde exposure group, (4) OVA-combined with PM_(2.5) exposure group， (5) Combination of OVA, formaldehyde and PM_(2.5) exposure group. The mice were inhaled with formaldehyde or/and instilled with PM_(2.5) from day 1 to 18. The mice asthma model was developed by OVA sensitization and challenge. The mice were sensitized with OVA+Al(OH)_3(5 mg OVA and 175 mg Al(OH)_3 in 30 mL saline each time) or saline (30 mL saline each time) by intraperitoneal injection on day 1, 7 and 14. This was then followed by an aerosol challenge in 1% OVA (30 min. d~(-1) from day 19 to 25 (7 times) using an ultrasonic nebulizer. On the 26th day, the organ coefficient of mice brain was counted, then the contents of oxidative stress of mice brain were measured, including reactive oxygen species' (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the concentrations of NF-kB and interleukin-1? (IL-1β) were detected by using ELISA kits. Detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was made with immunohistochemical method. Histological assay for brain was also conducted. In our results, all the OVA treated groups showed a significant increase of ROS and a significant decrease of GSH contents when compared with the control group. Except OVA-sensitized group, other OVA treated groups also showed a significant increase of MDA contents when compared with the control group, and MDA contents of OVA-sensitized group showed significant change when compared to the combined exposure group. In ROS and GSH， combined exposure showed some joint effect compared with single exposure. When OVA was applied in combination with formaldehyde and PM_(2.5), NF-kB was activated. And all the OVA treated groups showed increased levels of IL-l ? and IL-6 compared with the control group. And the combined exposure showed an aggravated effect when compared with OVA-sensitized group. Histopathological observation of the hippocampus in mice brain clearly showed the difference of eosin (EO) stained neurons in the combined exposure group compared with the control group and OVA-sensitized group. The pyramidal neurons of the mice with allergic asthma exposed to formaldehyde and/or PM_(2.5) had been reduced in number, the cells were swollen and the dendrites had disappeared. Allergic asthma can cause damage to the brain through oxidative stress. Exposure to formaldehyde and PM_(2.5) will increase the damage caused by allergic asthma to the brain, which may be mediated by oxidative stress and NF-kB activation. This promotes the release of the inflammatory factors, resulting in increased inflammation.
作者机构：
[Steele M.A.] Department of Biology, Wilkes University, United States;[Xianfeng YI] College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, China;[Zhang H.] School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
摘要：
From the early work of Darwin, then Ehrlich and Raven (1964), to the recent novel contribution of mutualistic networks developed by Jordano and colleagues(Bascompte and Jordano 2007, Nuismer et al. 2013, Guimaraes et al.2017), it is clear that plant-animal interactions--especially those involving herbivory, seed dispersal, seed predation and pollination-are significant drivers of ecological processes and the evolution and maintenance of biodiversity. The vast majority of plant species, for example, are influenced by animal-mediated seed dispersal and pollination. Hence, understanding the complexities of these interactions and their broader geographic patterns is central to better deciphering complex ecosystem processes and the potential fate of biodiversity in the advent of climate change. For this symposium, we assembled a group of leading authorities on plant-animal mutualisms and related interactions in an effort to highlight new findings, demonstrate subtle but significant interactions and to further identify and focus the direction of this important field of ecological research. Based on review of approximately 700 papers published in the past few years and our knowledge of research in this area, we identified invitees from around the globe to join us for a colloquium on plant-animal ineractions at the 9~(th) International Symposium of Integrative Zoology held on August, 27-31, 2017 in Xining, Qinghai Province, China.
作者机构：
[黄双全; 童泽宇] Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China;[徐环李] Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
通讯机构：
[Huang, S.Q.] I;Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
通讯机构：
Laboratory of Environment-immunological and Neurological Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
