作者机构：
[李森; 董庆利; 陈国薇; 吴嫚; 丁承超; 刘武康; 刘箐] School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China;[罗勤] College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
作者机构：
[Huang, Shuang-Quan; Wang, Xiang-Ping] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiang-Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Plant Resources Conservat & Sustainable U, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Shuang-Quan] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The association between plants with long corolla tubes and pollinators with long tongues has evolved repeatedly in diverse pollination systems. However, the morphogenesis of long corolla tubes involved in diverse plant groups remains largely unexplored, limiting our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of long corolla tubes. Corolla tubes of Himalayan Pedicularis species exhibit striking length diversity, ranging from less than 10 mm to more than 120 mm. We investigated the role of cell division and cell expansion in determining the corolla tube morphology in eight Pedicularis species and in an experimental population of P. siphonantha Don in which corolla tubes were elongated under shading and watering treatments. Among species, the corolla tube length was positively correlated with both cell number and cell length but not cell width. Our analyses of intraspecific variation in corolla tube length indicated that it was positively correlated with cell length in all eight species but with cell number in only four of the species, indicating that corolla tube development in Pedicularis generally involves anisotropic cell expansion. The elongation of corolla tubes in P. siphonantha under experimental conditions was caused by the anisotropic elongation of cells; cell number of tube-elongated flowers was not significantly increased. Our results showed that intraspecific variation in corolla tube length in Pedicularis species was largely attributable to changes in cell anisotropy, but the evolutionary innovation underlying the rapid radiation of Pedicularis corolla tubes was attributable to both cell division and cell expansion.
作者机构：
[卢美玲; 李睿; 赵云; 朱雨晴; Ge, Jing; 江清英; 杨旭; 郭晴] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
通讯机构：
Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
作者机构：
[Zhang, Hongmao; Chu, Wei] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zhibin; Zhang, Hongmao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hongmao] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, 152 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Hongmao] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, 152 Luoyu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Little is known about seeding regeneration of cultivated trees compared to wild relatives in areas where seed dispersers are shared. Here, we investigated the differences in seed fates of cultivated walnut (Juglans regia) and wild Manchurian walnut {Juglans mandshurica) trees under rodent predation and dispersal. J. regia seeds have higher nutritional value (large size, mass and kernel mass) and lower mechanical defensiveness (thin endocarp) than J. mandshurica seeds. We tracked seeds of J. regia and J. mandshurica under both enclosure and field conditions to assess differences in competing for seed dispersers of the two co-occurring tree species of the same genus. We found that rodents preferred to harvest, eat and scatter-hoard seeds of J. regia as compared to those of J. mandshurica. Seeds of J. regia were removed and scatter-hoarded faster than those of J. mandshurica. Caches of J. regia were more likely to be rediscovered by rodents than those of J. mandshurica. These results suggest that J. regia showed earlier dispersal fitness but not the ultimate dispersal fitness over J. mandshurica in seeding regeneration under rodent mediation, implying that J. regia has little effect on seeding regeneration of J. mandshurica in the field. The effects of seed traits on seed dispersal fitness may vary at different dispersal stages under animal mediation.
作者机构：
[安结然; 陆林洁; 蔡洁; 杜俊停; 丁书茂] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
通讯机构：
Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
