作者机构：
[Gao, Lei; Wu, Hua; Qiu, Fuyuan; Song, Lin; Wu, Xingyan; Wei, Shichao; Kazitsa, Eric Gilbert] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Evolut & Ecol, 152 Luoyulu, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Pu, Yunhai; Zhu, Zhaoquan] Wildlife Conservat Stn Hubei Prov, 438 Xiongchu Ave, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Hua] Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, Hua] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
transcriptome;microsatellites;adult census population size;effective population size;genetic drift;inbreeding
摘要：
Severe population declines can reduce species to small populations, offering permissive conditions for deleterious processes. For example, following such events, species can become prone to inbreeding and genetic drift which can lead to a loss of genetic diversity and evolutionary potentials. Hynobius chinensis is a poorly studied very rare and declining endangered amphibian species endemic to China in Changyang County. We investigated adult census population size by monitoring breeding populations from 2015 to 2018, developed microsatellite markers from the transcriptome and used them to investigate genetic diversity, and a population bottleneck in this species. We found H chinensis in 4 different localities in a total area of 2.18 km(2) and estimated the overall adult census population size at 386-404 individuals. The adult census size (mean +/- SE) per breeding pond ranged from 44 +/- 6 to 141 +/- 8 individuals and appeared smaller than that reported in closely related species in undisturbed habitats. We developed and characterized 13 microsatellite markers in total. Analysis of data at 7 loci (N = 118) in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium gathered from the largest population showed that genetic diversity level was low. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.14. The observed and expected heterozygosities averaged 0.38 and 0.40, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient was -0.06. All tests performed to investigate a population bottleneck, i.e. The Garza-Williamson test, Heterozygosity excess test, Mode shift test of allele frequency, and effective population size estimates detected a population bottleneck. The contemporary and the historical effective population sizes were estimated at 36 and 234 individuals, respectively. We argue that as bottleneck effects, the studied population may have become prone to genetic drift and inbreeding, losing microsatellite alleles and heterozygosity. Our results suggest that populations of H. chinensis may have been extirpated in the study area.
作者机构：
[贾慧娟; 王欣; 杜小凤; 付欣; 郑维维] School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;[罗峰] School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. fluocn@gmail.com
通讯机构：
[Luo, Feng] S;School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
作者机构：
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China;[胡慧建] Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, China;[罗振华] School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
通讯机构：
[Jiang, Z.] K;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
作者：
Wang Qiao-Chao;Kong Hui-Fang;Cheng Ya-Wen;Wang Hui-Mei;Fu Zi-Ying（付子英）;...
期刊：
生物化学与生物物理进展,2018年45(7):723-735 ISSN：1000-3282
通讯作者：
Tang Jia
作者机构：
[Tang Jia] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang Jia] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
[罗峰; 赵莎莎; 杨丹丹; 郑维维] School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;[王欣] School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. 675341542@qq.com
通讯机构：
[Wang, Xin] S;School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
作者：
Li Xiao-Xiao;Ding Shu-Mao;Yang Xu;Yuan Jun-Lin*
期刊：
分析化学,2018年46(1):27-32 ISSN：0253-3820
通讯作者：
Yuan Jun-Lin
作者机构：
[Ding Shu-Mao; Yuan Jun-Lin; Yang Xu; Li Xiao-Xiao] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan Jun-Lin] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Group spawning, polyandry reproductive behaviors, and multiple paternity are increasingly reported in anuran species. The Omei treefrog (Rhacophorus omeimontis), endemic to subtropical and mountainous forests of central and southwestern China, is a polyandrous lek-patterned breeder commonly showing multiple males-one female matings during the breeding season. To detect the traits of social and genetic polyandry in this species and explore the relationships between these traits, we investigated the breeding behaviors of a population of R. omeimontis in the Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve, Baoxing County, Sichuan, China. We conducted paternity analyses using six microsatellite genetic markers. A total of 30 matings were recorded in the field (four monogamous pairs and 26 spawning groups). Our results revealed high proportions of social polyandry (86.7%) and multiple paternity (70.0%) and the numbers of joining males and genetic fathers among matings ranged from 1 to 8 and from 1 to 4, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between the intensities of social and genetic polyandry, indicating that multiple males-one female breeding behaviors could be an important promoter of multiple paternity. We considered the intense social polyandry and multiple paternity as consequences of intense male-male competition under a male-biased sex ratio and genetic benefits pursuing of the females. However, the proportion of genetic fathers in a spawning decreased with the increase of joining male number and most of their offspring belonged to a few males. This might be caused by a “making the best of a bad lot” reproductive strategy of the inferior male individuals.
