摘要：
Abstract Objective: China has a high fatality rate for child pedestrians, which highlights the necessity of implementing more effective pedestrian safety training programs in elementary schools. We thus investigated the efficacy of using virtual reality (VR) as an instructional technology to identify and modify risky pedestrian behaviors among Chinese children. Methods: Seventy-nine children (grades 1 through 3) from three elementary schools in Hubei province participated and were categorized into urban (n = 20), migrant (n = 29), or rural (n = 30) students based on the schools’ locations. They completed a VR program comprising three street-crossing challenges to measure five pedestrian behaviors. The participants first attempted to complete the challenges by themselves in the first-time trial (T1) and then engaged in a personalized debriefing session before undertaking the challenges a second time (T2). Pedestrian performance for the two trials was compared by school location and grade level as between-subjects factors, and the rationale behind risky pedestrian behaviors was inductively analyzed. Results: Three risky pedestrian behaviors were observed in the program: dashing into the street, crossing on a blinking green light, and failing to check for traffic. Potential reasons for these behaviors included a lack of knowledge of road signs and traffic rules and the absence of daily adult supervision. The overall pedestrian performance increased from T1 to T2 with a moderate effect size (Ƞp2 = 0.59, p < .001). A significant main effect of the trials was found for the three pedestrian behaviors (for all values, p < .001); however, interactions of trial by location and trial by grade were nonsignificant in all univariate tests (for all values, p ≥ .05). Conclusions: VR is an effective technology to diagnose and correct risky pedestrian behaviors among Chinese children when accompanied with individual debriefing and repetitive practices. School location and grade level had no significant influence on children’s pedestrian performance and learning outcomes, indicating the ubiquity of the pedestrian safety problem and the need for more effective instructional interventions.
作者机构：
[Li, Wenhao; Wang, Dan; Wang, Jixin] Huazhong Normal Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
Education Technology and Computer Science, 2009. ETCS '09. First International Workshop on
关键词：
skill training;electronic commerce training platform;questionnaire design;demand analysis
摘要：
To determine the need for the simulated training of e-commerce activities prior to working in the real environment, we studied the views of the undergraduates from several aspects. Two hundred university students were asked what the real problem was when they learned in e-commerce courses. Next, they were surveyed to inquire what knowledge do they really need when they go to their work positions and what type of job do they expect to. Finally, they were asked whether using a simulated training platform would be beneficial. Through analysis the aspects which contained above we know that simulation should be incorporated into the education of e-commerce students as a tool to practice their hands-on abilities prior to working. And from the survey we also obtain some useful information and reference that may help us to design our electronic commerce training platform.
