摘要：
This article first explores the epistemic adjustment function of social action format‘xiang(像)+NP’in Chinese daily conversation from the perspective of positionally sensitive grammar,then describes the sequential position of‘xiang+NP’.An examination of the data reveals that‘xiang’,originally a common verb,has evolved a variety of emerging usages such as preposition and topic marker,each usage corresponding to a different discourse pattern.It is found that‘xiang+NP’has fine-grained interactional functions of narrowing epistemic gap,controlling epistemic access,and emphasizing epistemic independence in Mandarin conversation.In addition,the interactional functions of‘xiang+NP’are sensitive to sequence position and influenced by the epistemic status of conversation participants.
摘要：
With the help of the polyphony of language,it can be found that the suowei(所谓)sentences have two voices:the speaker’s and the quoted person’s.The similarities and differences between the two voices correspond to the different meanings of suowei.When there is no apparent deviation between them,suowei means“so-called”.The condition for suowei to express subjective meanings such as“unconvinced”,“contemptuous”,“denying”,and“derogatory”is that the two voices deviate,either partially or completely.The suowei sentences are at the intersection of different voices,whereby suowei can be interpreted in these two ways.The subjectivization of suowei is accompanied by grammaticalization:it was already used as a quotative marker in the pre-Qin period,and it evolved its use as a quotation-type hearsay marker of evidentiality in the Song Dynasty.The evolution of suowei demonstrates both commonality with other SAY words and individuality of its own.In modern Chinese,it can be separated from the quotation and continue to be grammaticalized into a hearsay marker that only expresses the speaker’s attitude.It may also express a neutral or negative stance,depending on the speaker’s subjective viewpoint.
摘要：
his paper investigates Nage Shenme(那个什么),a compositive discourse marker which becomes entrenched through frequent co-occurrence of Nage(那个)and Shenme(什么)in naturally occurring Chinese conversation from an interactional perspective.It is revealed that Nage Shenme(那个什么)can be used as a placeholder,a preface for a topic shift as well as a marker for an exemplifying item,the latter two of which are derived from a placeholder and are positionally sensitive.The emergence of Nage Shenme(那个什么)is mainly tied to two decisive factors:first,the semantic compatibility of the internal components Nage(那个)and Shenme(什么);second,the optimal relevance required by external interactional context.
