作者机构：
[Wu, Wei; Wang, Meng; Wei, Fuwen; Hu, Yibo; Yang, Lin; Zhan, Xiangjiang; Hou, Xian; Fan, Huizhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, CAS Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Wei; Zhang, Wenyan; Wang, Meng; Wei, Fuwen; Hu, Yibo; Yang, Lin; Hou, Xian] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Fuwen; Hu, Yibo; Zhan, Xiangjiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Youhua; Zhang, Wenyan] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu, Peoples R China.;[Chang, Jiang] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei, Fuwen] C;[Wei, Fuwen] U;[Wei, Fuwen] S;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, CAS Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China.;Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity reflect the evolutionary potential and history of species, respectively. However, the levels and spatial patterns of genetic and phylogenetic diversity of wildlife at the regional scale have largely remained unclear. Here, we performed meta-analyses of genetic diversity in Chinese terrestrial vertebrates based on three genetic markers and investigated their phylogenetic diversity based on a dated phylogenetic tree of 2461 species. We detected strong positive spatial correlations among mitochondrial DNA-based genetic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and species richness. Moreover, the terrestrial vertebrates harbored higher genetic and phylogenetic diversity in South China and Southwest China than in other regions. Last, climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) had significant positive effects while altitude and human population density had significant negative impacts on levels of mitochondrial DNA-based genetic diversity in most cases. Our findings will help guide national-level genetic diversity conservation plans and a post-2020 biodiversity conservation framework.
作者机构：
[Zheng, Yong; Guo, Jilin; Wang, Hongbin; Tian, Zhongping; Li, Jin] Xinjiang Normal Univ, Xinjiang Key Lab Special Species Conservat & Regu, Coll Life Sci, Urumqi 830054, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Yongze; Zheng, Yong; Zheng, Y; Deng, Lingfu] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zheng, Yong] X;[Zheng, Y; Yuan, YZ] C;Xinjiang Normal Univ, Xinjiang Key Lab Special Species Conservat & Regu, Coll Life Sci, Urumqi 830054, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The traditional Chinese desert shrub Lycium ruthenicum is widely distributed in arid environments such as north-west China, exhibiting ideal salt tolerance to cope with soil desertification, salinity, and alkalinity. However, the salt-tolerance mechanism of L. ruthenicum, especially of its young seedlings at early vegetative stages, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we collected whole-seedling samples from Lycium ruthenicum at a-pair-leaf stage with and without a mild salt (75 mM sodium chloride) treatment, and then performed transcriptome profiling to compare their gene expression patterns. The de novo assembly achieved 94,651 unigenes with 55,156 annotated. Among them, 199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between salt-treated seedlings and control, with 41 up-regulated and 158 down-regulated. These DEGs were highly enriched into gene ontology (GO) classifications 'metabolic process' and 'catalytic activity', into Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) function classifications 'translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis' and 'energy production and conversion', and into Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways 'ribosome' and 'oxidative phosphorylation'. Specifically, genes involved in energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) and related energy-consuming metabolisms, including ribosome-associated biogenesis and biosynthesis of organic nitrogen-derived compatible solutes (i.e., arginine and proline), were generally down-regulated. Specific genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathway were simultaneously up-regulated. Changes in the transcript levels of salt-responsive DEGs selected from the transcriptomic profiling were further validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Based on these results, salinity-adaptive strategies for the L. ruthenicum early seedlings are discussed.
作者机构：
[Feng CHEN; Yanjun GUO; Li CHEN; Xinli GAN; Min LIU; Juan LI] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China;Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;[Wenliang XU] Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
通讯机构：
[Wenliang XU] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
摘要：
Mature cotton fiber secondary cell wall comprises largely of cellulose (> 90%) and small amounts of xylan and lignin. Little is known about the cotton fiber xylan biosynthesis by far. To comprehensively survey xylan biosynthetic genes in cotton fiber, we identified five IRX9, five IRX10, one IRX14, six IRX15, two FRA8, one PARVUS, eight GUX, four GXM, two RWA, two AXY9, 13 TBL genes by using phylogenetic analysis coupled with expression profile analysis and co-expression analyses. In addition, we also identified two GT61 members, two GT47 members, and two DUF579 family members whose homologs in Arabidopsis were not functionally characterized. These 55 genes were regarded as the most probable genes to be involved in fiber xylan biosynthesis. Further complementation analysis indicated that one IRX10 like and two FRA8 related genes were able to partially recover the irregular xylem phenotype conferred by the xylan deficiency in their respective Arabidopsis mutant. We conclude that these genes are functional orthologs of respective genes that are implicated in GX biosynthesis. The list of 55 cotton genes presented here provides not only a solid basis to uncover the biosynthesis of xylan in cotton fiber, but also a genetic resource potentially useful for future studies aiming at fiber improvement via biotechnological approaches.
摘要：
Sex-biased dispersal, which influences species' social organization, genetic structure and evolution, is an important life-history event. Although sex-biased dispersal in mammals and birds has been thoroughly studied, little is known about it in amphibians. In this study, we used eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes to infer patterns of dispersal of the Omei tree frog (Rhacophorus omeimontis). We found that the comparison between two types of markers showed higher F-ST values in mtDNA compared to microsatellites. Consistently, comparison of pairwise and overall F-ST values between the sexes revealed higher differentiation in females than in males. Furthermore, the inbreeding coefficient (F-IS) and population gene diversity (H-S) were lower in females than in males, whereas relatedness (r) was higher in females than in males. Females exhibited relatively higher correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance than males. Additionally, the mean assignment index (mAI(C)) was lower in males, whereas the variance of assignment index (vAI(C)) was higher in males. These evidences reflect higher genetic differentiation in females than in males, indicating male-biased dispersal in the Omei tree frog. Considering the life history reported in this species, we discussed potential mechanisms driving the male-biased dispersal in the Omei tree frog.
摘要：
NAC domain transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators, some of which play crucial roles in secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in plants. Cotton is one of the most important natural fiber producing crops, whose mature fiber SCW contains more than 90% cellulose with very small amounts of xylan and lignin, but little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying fiber SCW formation. We previously identified seven fiber preferentially expressed NAC members, GhFSN1-7. One, GhFSN1, was demonstrated to positively regulate fiber SCW thickening, but the functions of other GhFSN members remain unknown. In this study, roles of GhFSN5 were dissected. qRT-PCR analysis showed that GhFSN5 was predominantly transcribed during the fiber SCW thickening stage. In addition, a large number of fiber SCW biosynthetic genes and SCW-related TFs were co-expressed with GhFSN5. Heterologous expression of GhFSN5 in Arabidopsis resulted in plants with smaller siliques and severe sterility. Anther dehiscence in transgenic lines was not substantially affected, but most pollen was collapsed and nonviable. Furthermore, cellulose and lignin contents in inflorescence stems as well as roots were reduced in transgenic lines, compared with the wild type. Moreover, a set of SCW biosynthetic genes for cellulose, xylan and lignin and several transcription factors involved in regulation of SCW formation were down-regulated in transgenic plants. Our findings indicate that GhFSN5 acts as a negative regulator of SCW formation and anther development and expands our understanding of transcriptional regulation of SCW biosynthesis.
摘要：
Around the globe, worsening air pollution is spawning major public health and environmental concerns, especially in the poorest and most populous cities. As a major secondary air pollutant, ozone is a potential risk factor for exacerbated asthma, although the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of ozone on asthma exacerbation using a classic asthmatic model with allergic airway inflammation by treating Balb/c mice with ovalbumin (OVA). Our study shows ozone exposure significantly exacerbated OVA-induced asthmatic phenotypes, including serum immunoglobulin, Th cytokines, inflammatory cell counts, mucus production, airway remodeling, and airway hyper responsiveness (AHR). Interestingly, expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V memberl (TRPV1) was also significantly elevated in ozone-exacerbated asthmatic mice and that treatment with TRPVI antagonist effectively suppressed AHR, airway inflammation and remodeling. The underlying mechanisms of these effects may be associated with suppression of neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine. Base on the role of TRPV1 in allergic asthma, this study further revealed that inhibition of TRPVI by TRPV1 antagonist has significant anti-inflammatory effects on ozone-induced asthma exacerbation in this study. Induction of TRPVI expression may be an important mechanism underlying the increased risks for asthma after exposure to environmental pollutants. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
MYB proteins represent one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants, some of which act as key transcriptional regulators of secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber is thought to be an ideal single-cell model to study cell elongation and SCW biosynthesis. However, little knowledge regarding the TFs controlling fiber SCW biosynthesis, particularly for R2R3-MYBs is known. By far, no comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the secondary wall-associated R2R3-MYBs has been reported in cultivated tetraploid upland cotton. In this study, we identified 419 R2R3-MYB genes by systematically examining the cotton genome. A combination of phylogenetic, RNA-seq and co-expression analyses indicated that 36 R2R3-MYBs were either preferentially or highly expressed in 20 day post anthesis (dpa) fibers and are putative SCW regulators. Among these MYB genes, 22 MYBs are homologs of known SCW MYB proteins and the other 14 MYBs are novel proteins without prior reported SCW biosynthesis-related functions. Finally, we highlighted on the roles of two MYBs named GhMYB46_D13 and GhMYB46_D9, both of which displayed the highest expression in 20 dpa fibers. Expression of GhMYB46_D13 or GhMYB46_D9 individually in Arabidopsis resulted in ectopic SCW deposition in transgenic plants. Furthermore, both GhMYB46_D13 and GhMYB46_D9 were able to activate the cotton fiber SCW cellulose synthase gene promoters. Thus, we have identified 36 R2R3-MYBs as potential SCW regulators in cotton fibers that represent strong candidates for further functional studies during fiber development and SCW thickening.
摘要：
The cancer transcriptome is remarkably complex, including low-abundance transcripts, many not polyadenylated. To fully characterize the transcriptome of localized prostate cancer, we performed ultra-deep total RNA-seq on 144 tumors with rich clinical annotation. This revealed a linear transcriptomic subtype associated with the aggressive intraductal carcinoma sub-histology and a fusion profile that differentiates localized from metastatic disease. Analysis of back-splicing events showed widespread RNA circularization, with the average tumor expressing 7,232 circular RNAs (circRNAs). The degree of circRNA production was correlated to disease progression in multiple patient cohorts. Loss-of-function screening identified 11.3% of highly abundant circRNAs as essential for cell proliferation; for approximately 90% of these, their parental linear transcripts were not essential. Individual circRNAs can have distinct functions, with circCSNK1G3 promoting cell growth by interacting with miR-181. These data advocate for adoption of ultra-deep RNA-seq without poly-A selection to interrogate both linear and circular transcriptomes.
作者机构：
[Li, Yan; Wang, Pengcheng] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Minist Educ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jinquan; Yang, Xu] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yixin; Gong, Zhiyong; Yang, Wu] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Xu] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Wu] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, Wu] W;[Yang, Xu] C;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
会议名称：
Joint Symposium of the 9th International Conference of th Chinese-Society-of-Micro-Nano-Technology (CSMNT) / Microsystems and Nanoengineering Summit (MAN)
会议时间：
AUG 17-20, 2018
会议地点：
Hohhot, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位：
[Li, Yan;Wang, Pengcheng] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Minist Educ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.^[Li, Jinquan;Yang, Xu] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Genet Regulat & Integrat Biol, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.^[Wang, Yixin;Gong, Zhiyong;Yang, Wu] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
3D organotypic culture;human lung fibroblasts;MnO2 nanowires;nanotoxicity
摘要：
Current genetic variation patterns across different geographic areas are mainly the result of various historical processes, including paleoclimate oscillations and tectonic events. Southern China, characterized by a complex paleoclimate and topography, presents an opportunity to examine such genetic variation patterns. Herein, we selected three species of moustache toads (Leptobrachium boringii, Leptobrachium liui and Leptobrachium leishanense) distributed across southern China to elucidate historical processes that shaped their current phylogeographic patterns based on two mitochondrial genes and eight microsatellite loci. L. boringii and L. liui are estimated to have genetically diverged from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene, which were largely associated with paleoclimate oscillations and geological barriers generated by complex mountain systems in southern China. Within L. liui, a recent split was caused by the rising of the Wuyi Mountains during the early Pleistocene. Demographic analyses revealed that complex topography might play buffering roles in Leptobrachium species during the last glacial maximum. These findings not only highlight the combined effects of climatic oscillations and tectonic events on driving genetic divergences, but also contribute to the general understanding of the phylogeography in this biodiversity hotspot.
摘要：
Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) is extensively used as an environmentally friendly plasticizer. However, little is known about the adverse effects and the underlying mechanisms of DIDP exposure on immunological diseases. We aimed to determine the role and mechanisms of DIDP exposure in allergic contact dermatitis-like skin lesions. We show that oral DIDP exposure can aggravate allergic dermatitis in mice. Moreover, an increase of ROS, total serum IgE and IL-4 levels were concomitant with this deterioration. We detected the expression of Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and the activation of STATs and NF-kappa B signal pathways. The data indicated that DIDP in combination with FITC triggers TSLP production. Our results also suggested that DIDP exacerbated the activation of NF-kappa B signal pathways, with an enhancement in TSLP expression, which potentiated the activation of STATs and the degranulation of mast cells in the skin, and finally exacerbated allergic dermatitis. The study also suggested that melatonin enhanced the expression of Nrf2, up-regulated the antioxidant genes HO-1 and NQO1, reduced the levels of oxidative stress and TSLP, and alleviated allergic dermatitis. The results demonstrated that DIDP exacerbated allergic dermatitis through oxidative stress and enhanced TSLP production. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
